Palestine's Jewish Communities and Zionism Flashcards
What is the problem with giving Zionism a preeminence in the study of the late Ottoman period?
Inevitably gives colonialism a superior position in history - ethical question. Neglect of indigenous communities, both Jewish and Arab.
What approach does Jacobson take to the late Ottoman period? What else does she challenge?
Inter-communal and intra-communal. Periodisation - abrupt end
When does Jacobson argue categories became more fixated?
C. 1920 - categories fluid and changing rapidly in WWI too
What do both Zionist and Palestinian narratives agree on about this period?
Existence of long-standing Jewish communities in Palestine. Both also marginalise local Jewish communities - no in depth assessment
When was a turning point in Zionism-Palestine?
1882 - new kind of migration
Who argues that early waves of migration were far from motivated by Zionism - but were at most meritorious in religious terms?
Lockman
How can we summarise the national/collective identity of the local Jewish community?
Religious community with no national identity
Who argues that like Christians, Jews made the most of the waqf to their own advantage?
Shaham
Who argues that there was a growing heterogeneity of Jewish ethnic communities in this period?
Glass and dark
What does Saposnik argue about Jewish/Zionist/Hebrew identity in this period?
Argues that a ‘Hebrew culture’ was very deliberately and self-consciously constructed as part of a process of homogenisation
What are examples of local Jewish institutions created in this period? Name two.
Committee of United Zionist Federations of Palestine (1902); Hebrew Teachers’ Association (1902); General Assembly of Jews in Palestine (1903).
Until when were goals for cultural homogeneity elusive?
1908
What caused a major rift in the Jewish community? What was the long-term significance of this?
‘Uganda Affair’. Helped form new discourse of Zionism in Palestine and influenced character of Yishuv’s public spaces - became more national
Who argues that Tanzimat reforms aggravated and further polarised inter-communal relationships?
Ma’oz
What was the title of the Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem?
Foremost in Zion
What were the three leading groups of the Jewish community in this period?
Ashkenazi Rabbinate; Heads of Sephardic community; kollelim
When did a new leadership emerge? What was it?
1910s - professional middle class with ties to Zionism
Who was the de facto leader of the Jewish community until 1916?
Albert Antebi
To what did the centre of gravity of Jewish activity shift?
Economic institutions and cultural organisations of New Yishuv - Jaffa as cultural and organisational centre
What economic changes were there to the Jewish community in this period?
New immigrants and local entrepreneurs in coastal towns; modern commerce, real estate, transportation, asking
Who argues that Jews were the main pioneers in introducing modern technology to Palestine?
Glass and Kark
In what three sectors were Jews particular importance in the development of?
Commerce, agricultural, fledging industry
How many jews were there in Jerusalem on the eve of WWI?
45,000
Who emphasises the economic hardship of Jews in this period?
Alroey
