Late Ottoman Palestine and Arab Nationalism Flashcards
What does Tamari argue was in a turning point in Arab-Ottoman relations?
Revival of derogatory epitaphs towards Arabs - revival in ethnic tensions
Who launched an anti-Arabist campaign?
Cemal Pasha
Who challenges the argument that there was no specific campaign against Arab nationalism, but rather a centralising and modernising campaign, as reflected in Turkification of state schools and institutions of higher education?
Kayali
What is the motivation of Arab nationalists in their anti-Ottoman historiography?
‘Othering’ and positioning themselves on the right side of history - internalised Western, anti-Ottoman discourse.
Which two historians reflect the ‘neo-Ottomanism’ trend?
Tamari and Doumani
What is the motivation behind the revive interest in Palestine’s Ottoman past?
Part of writing Ottoman Palestinians back into history - cannot start in 1917. Also due to failure of pan-Arab nationalism
How many were in the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and what was the confessional breakdown?
1914 - 20 million, 80% Muslim - rest very mixed.
The control of which three cities was central to the standing of the Ottoman Empire? Why?
Hijaz, Jerusalem, Damascus - needed to control Islamic holy cites and pilgrimage roots
Other than its religious significance, why was Palestine important to the Ottoman Empire?
Commercial significance - tax revenues
What was the religious breakdown of Palestine in 1904?
89% Muslim, 10% Christian, 1% Druze.
By how many people did the population of Palestine increase from 1908-14? Why?
Over 74,000. Better security, nutrition, public health, steady economic growth
What are examples of ‘technologies of change’ in late Ottoman Palestine/OE?
Hijaz railway, telegraph (17,000miles of telegraph lines), water pumps, identity papers
When was an Ottoman land law introduced?
1858
What are two reasons the land law failed?
Assumption that fellahin would register lands; that land registry would be impartial and effective
What law was introduced in 1864? What was one of its main consequences?
Wilayat Law - creation of provinces, districts, subdistricts. Shifted role of tax collection from rural sheikhs to urban notables
What were two main links which enabled Palestine to stay connected to the rest of the Empire?
Trade links e.g. to merchants in Aleppo and Damascus and seaports. Pilgrimage too. Cultural links - AUB, magazines, dailys, books published in Beirut and Damascus