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Israel, the Arab World and the Palestinians > Camp David and the end of the peace process > Flashcards

Camp David and the end of the peace process Flashcards

1
Q

How strong was Barak’s hold on power in Israel?

A

Not very - lost majority after three parties left his coalition

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2
Q

What percentage of the WB would remain in Israeli hands?

A

20.5%

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3
Q

What has Said said about Israel’s/Barak’s approach to CD?

A

Not inclined to visions of coexistence of equality - separation not integration

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4
Q

What has Shlaim argued about Arafat at CD?

A

Critical juncture in his people’s history but lacked courage and statesmanship

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5
Q

Which two key figures have argued that Clinton sided with Barak?

A

Malley and Agha

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6
Q

Which Israeli academic has stressed that CD was far from generous and reflected diminished realities imposed on Palestinians in 1990s?

A

Roy

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7
Q

Why does Roy argue that CD was inevitably going to fail?

A

Because the Occupation would have remained structurally intact - upheld Oslo and its fundamental principles

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8
Q

How much money was earmarked for settlements under Barak in 2001?

A

$500m

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9
Q

How many housing units did Barak begin constructing in 2000?

A

2000

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10
Q

What was only vaguely mentioned in Barak’s offer?

A

Resolution 242

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11
Q

What percentage of settlers would have been annexed?

A

80%

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12
Q

How many Palestinians were living in the settlement blocs to be annexed?

A

80-100,000

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13
Q

In what way was Camp David a watershed?

A

Watershed in terms of momentum and popular support esp. on Israeli side

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14
Q

What are the two paradigmatic frameworks through which to assess the failure of Oslo?

A

Structural or historical

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15
Q

When was Rabin assassinated?

A

November 1995

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16
Q

How many were present at the peace rally when Rabin was assassinated?

A

150,000

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17
Q

When had negotiations to determine final status been due to commence?

A

4 May 1996

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18
Q

What was the name of an unofficial peace agreement drafted in 1995?

A

Beilin-Abu Mazen/Stockholm Accord

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19
Q

What were the proposals included in the Stockholm Accord? Why did it fail?

A

Annexation of 6% of WB; only recognition of WJ as capital. Rejected by Peres

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20
Q

What was the context of the Hebron Protocol?

A

Violent clashes following blasting open of tunnel near Al Aqsa

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21
Q

What did the Wye Agreement offer the Palestinians?

A

Full or partial control of 40% of WB

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22
Q

After how many hours of debate was the Wye Agreement ratified by the Knesset?

A

7 hours - approved 75 s. 19

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23
Q

What did the Wye agreement ban either side from doing

A

Unilateral actions

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24
Q

How many conditions were imposed on the Palestinians before the second pullback in the Wye Agreement would be implemented?

A

5

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25
Q

What was Israel’s sole obligation detailed in the Wye Memorandum, that it failed to keep to?

A

Transfer of 5% of territory in WB to joint control

26
Q

What does Gelvin criticise Arafat for failing to do?

A

Bring opponents of Oslo into line - carried along by events rathe than the one shaping them

27
Q

By how many votes did Peres win his ‘vote of confidence’?

A

61

28
Q

What was Peres’s vision?

A

‘New Middle East’

29
Q

By how much did Bibi win his first election?

A

1% - but first directly elected PM

30
Q

How far ahead was Peres in the polls at the start?

A

20%

31
Q

Why did Peres’s election campaign fail?

A

Lacklustre - refused to focus on twin dangers of religious fanaticism and political extremism. Failure to emphasise election was a choice between Labor’s peace policy and Likud’s Greater Israel policy

32
Q

What percentage of the votes did Barak win in 1999?

A

56%

33
Q

What was the maximum amount of the control the PA had of the WB in the 1990s?

A

18%

34
Q

Who has pointed out the expansion in the number of settlers in the 1990s?

A

Rabbani

35
Q

What does Masri point out re. settlements?

A

More approved in Barak’s first year than in Netanyahu’s (65%)

36
Q

According to the World Bank, what fraction of Palestinians lived on less than two dollars per day in 2004?

A

1/4

37
Q

What was the drop in GNP per capita during Oslo?

A

36%

38
Q

What was the level of unemployment in the post-Oslo period?

A

28%

39
Q

When was the first closure of the WB imposed?

A

March 1993

40
Q

Who argues that CD was a defining event in the history of P-I relations and the whole middle east?

A

Shamir

41
Q

What three narratives are there of the collapse of CD?

A

Orthodox, Revisionist, Determinist

42
Q

Name some advocates of the ‘Orthodox’ approach

A

Barak, Ben-Ami, Ross, Seliktar

43
Q

Why does Barak challenge the label of ‘Orthodox’ narrative?

A

Argues it was common sense

44
Q

Who are advocates of the revisionist approach to the failure of CD?

A

Malley, Agha, Sontag, Hanieh

45
Q

What is the Israeli revisionist narrative and who is one of its advocates?

A

Pundik - that Barak should have stressed the creation of a state rather than using euphemisms e.g. political entity

46
Q

Which Palestinian historian argues that Israel was never serious with its proposals and that I/A negotiators behaved more like mathematicians than statesmen?

A

Al Abed

47
Q

How many Palestinians would have been annexed to israel?

A

370,000

48
Q

Who questions ‘which Jerusalem’ was being referred to in the talks given the expansion of municipal boundaries?

A

Merhav

49
Q

Who is in favour of the determinist narrative?

A

Avineri

50
Q

What did Reinhart say about CD?

A

Called it the ‘CD Fraud’

51
Q

Who argues that Palestinians could never make a deal because of their refusal to accept Israel as a Jewish state, as highlighted by their insistence on the right of return?

A

Avineri

52
Q

Who does Dajani blame for the failure?

A

Both for not doing enough

53
Q

Who has argued that America needed a quick rather than just deal?

A

Gresh and Clark

54
Q

Who is Baroud very critical of and why?

A

Barak - so-called dove. Two faced. Open disregard for Palestinian rights.

55
Q

What has Hanan Ashrawi pointed out?

A

No written proposal ever presented to Palestinians

56
Q

What negotiations took place in 2008?

A

Olmert-Abbas

57
Q

According to the Olmert-Abbas proposal, what would happen?

A

Partition based on 1967 with some land swaps including annexation of 4 main settlement blocs and all settlements in EJ; passage between WB and G under Israeli sovereignty; partition of Jerusalem with holy sites under international control; repatriation of 100-150,000 over 10-15 years. Acknowledge suffering but not responsibility whilst also mentioning Jewish/israeli suffering. Demilitarised.

58
Q

What does Said argue about the second intifada?

A

Logical outcome of Oslo - same point made by Masri

59
Q

What happened in April 1996?

A

Operation Grapes of Wrath

60
Q

What happened in May 2000?

A

Retreat from South Lebanon

61
Q

Which report crushed the argument that the second intifada was the result of instigation by the PA?

A

Mitchell Report

62
Q

What does Nusseleh argue should have happened before CD?

A

Two part agreement in prep - one on issues over which there were no unbridgeable differences and another on remaining issues

Israel, the Arab World and the Palestinians (18 decks)

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