P3: (A) issues in mental health Flashcards
what is the history of the madhouse BBC documentary?
Asylums, vast Victorian, 31 beds in one dorm
-patients dumped there
-Ect induced seizure to ease depression
-insulin therapy induced coma
-lobotomy
-used to pay to see patients and make fun of them
what are some historical facts of the view of mental health?
-prehistoric believed madness caused by possession of devil
-talking therapy introduced in late 1700s
-women more likely to be accused of demonic possession
- burn mental health victims at the stake
what is an early example of historic treatment?
65000BC and Middle Ages
Trepanning
used for all mental illness
-cause of illness devils, spirits and demons
-2 holes in skull to release demons
what is a middle example from the timeline of historic treatment
17th and 18th century
moral treatments by Tuke
-cause of mental illness any emotional stressors
-talking, nurturing, comforting
removes stressors
what is a recent example of historical treatment?
-1950’s
-medical model (drugs)
-used for depression, schizophrenia and many illness
-cause of mental illness biological disturbance
-alters chemical imbalance in patients body
What are Rosenhan and Seligman 4 definitions of abnormality?
- statistical infrequency
-deviation form social norms
-failure to function adequately
-deviation from ideal mental health
what is statistical infrequency?
a behaviour that is statistically not seen in society often
-report of the national Audit of schizophrenia found it was present in 3.45% of Uk
what are strengths of statistical infrequency?
-enables abnormality to be quantified which is objective
-allows statistical analysis of a difficult behaviour
what are weaknesses of statistical infrequency?
-difficult to quantify all abnormal behaviour
-reduced generalisability average may not be the norm in all cultures
what is deviation from social norms?
a person who doesn’t behave in a way society expects
-being unemployed, taking drugs
depends on norms of different cultures
what are strengths of deviation from social norms?
-considers the cultures and can be varied for each society taking into account individual differences
-allows for changes to occur in society could be considered as a holistic approach
what are weaknesses of deviation from social norms?
-difficult to decide wat can be classed as a normal behaviour
-can be considered more sociological than psychological
what is failure to function adequately?
-if a person is unable to live a normal life adequately
-gambling addiction
-ways a person may fail to function:
dysfunctional behaviour
distresses the person
makes observer uncomfortable
unpredictable behaviour
irrational behaviour
what are strengths of failure to function adequately?
considers feelings, if need help will be deemed abnormal and get it
-measurable scale
-behaviours observable so problems can be picked up and helped
what are weaknesses of failure to function adequately?
-difficult to determine what normal life is can vary in cultures
-maladaptive behaviour difficult to measure
ambiguous so questions validity and reliability
what is deviation from ideal mental health?
Jahoda
-positive attitudes towards self
-growth, development and self actualisation
-voluntary control over behaviour
-true perception of reality
-love, work and play
resistance to stress and frustration
what are strengths of deviation from ideal mental health?
-positive view looking at health
-allows professionals to see what a person is doing and not their inabilities
what are weaknesses from deviation from an ideal mental heath?
-open to interpretation, what contributes to healthy is difficult to quantify
-various elements can be displayed
-difficult to define in real terms
what is the ICD?
international classification of diseases
for all general diseases and illnesses
published by WHO
outside of USA
11th revision 2021
V is mental and behavioural disorders
what are some of the 10 main categories in the ICD?
-mood disorders
-disorders of psychological development
-unspecified mental disorders
what are strengths of the ICD?
more generalisable
what are weaknesses of the ICD?
vague, reliability reduced
what is the DSM?
-diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
-last revision 2013
-published by APA
-diagnostic criteria in chapter 2
what are some of the categories in the DSM?
bipolar and related disorders
depressive disorders
feeding and eating disorders
personality disorders
what are strengths of the DSM?
-multi axel tool, looks at how frequently someone is displaying the disorders which reinforces the accuracy
what are the weaknesses of the DSM?
-deterministic, only focusses on mental health and not biological
what are similarities between the ICD and DSM?
-holistic (to an extent) multiple categories and varieties of mental illnesses
-deterministic- may not fit into chapters and categories, comorbidity (difficult to accurately diagnose)
-both have practical applications
what are differences between the ICD and BSM?
-ICD more generalisable than DSM
-ICD more scientific considers biological issues
-ICD more valid as updated in 2021 not 2013
what is the aim for rosenhan 1?
investigate if a group of sane people could be falsely diagnosed and admitted to psychiatric hospitals by presenting themselves as having a psychiatric disorder
what is the sample for rosenhan 1?
8 confederates 5m 3f
-hospital staff 12 psychiatric hospitals 5dif states
what was the research method for rosenhan 1?
participant naturalistic observation
what was the procedure for rosenhan 1?
-p call hospital for appointment
-heard voices say empty hollow thud
voices unclear and unfamiliar, same sex
gave false names, occupations but real life histories
-took part in ward activities, speaking ordinarily
-have to get out on own devices
-wrote observations