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measuring differences Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the background for Gould?

A

-idea that intelligence can be measured is controversial
-can intelligence differences be explained by genetic or environmental factors

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2
Q

what is the nature side of the background for Gould?

A

.nature= intelligence a fixed characteristic, hereditarian position, can breed superior group like Nazis

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3
Q

what is the nurture side of the background of Gould?

A

.IQ tests to help identify children with special needs
.The Binet-Simon test, produced a mental age score
.intelligence not a fixed characteristic

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4
Q

what is the aim for Goulds study?

A

-to investigate the problems in attempting to measure intelligence specifically that of Yerkes
-Yerkes aimed to devise a scientific method of measuring intelligence on a mass scale

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5
Q

what was the sample for Goulds study?

A

-opportunity sample
-1.75mil is army recruits during WW1
-Males from different ages and backgrounds across USA

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6
Q

what was the method for Goulds study?

A

-peer review article of large scale psychometric testing

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7
Q

what was the procedure? Gould

A

-3 tests to measure IQ on a mass scale
-depending on results gave A-E(+ and -)
-decided their rank in the army
- c- average= ordinary private

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8
Q

what was the army Alpha test?

A

-written exam for literates
- 8parts 1hour long
-unscramble sentences, next in sequences
-heavily routed in American culture

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9
Q

what was the Beta test?

A

-illiterate or those who failed Alpha
-7parts 1hour long
-counting cubes, next symbol
-instructions still wrote in English

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10
Q

what was the individual test?

A

-if the Beta test was failed

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11
Q

what was the mean mental age of White Americans?

A

13.04

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12
Q

what was the mean mental age of the Black Americans?

A

10.41

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13
Q

what was the mean score of immigrants?

A

10-11

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14
Q

what were the results for Gould?

A

-on average mental age of White Americans 13
-average age 16

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15
Q

what were the conclusions for Gould?

A

-problems with measuring intelligence objectively
-measuring tools can have devastating consequences
-IQ tests unreliable
-IQ tests lack valid results

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16
Q

How is Goulds study useful?

A

identifies issues with Yerkes study
testing not accurate and highly objective
prevents same atrocities occurring

17
Q

what is the background for Hancock?

A

-Maslow hierarchy of needs
-Ted Bundy
-Porter- psychopaths skilled conversationalists
-Williamson- psychopathic language more unclear

18
Q

what part of Maslow hierarchy do psychopaths focus on?

A

physiological- breathing, food, water, sex, sleep
they have unique drives and socioeconomic needs which result in linguistic patterns

19
Q

what was Hancock’s aim?

A

-to examine whether the language of psychopaths reflected a predatory world view, unique socioemotional needs and a poverty of effect

20
Q

what were the three language characteristics of psychopaths examined ?

A

their instrumental nature (of crime)
their socioemotional needs (language relating to maslow needs)
their emotional deficit (remorseful, empathetic)

21
Q

What was the method for Hancock?

A

-psychopathy measured using psychopathy checklist review PCL-R
-semi structured, open-ended interviews
-stepwise interview technique
-narratives transcribed and analysed through content analysis using DAL and Wmatrix

22
Q

what was the sample for Hancock?

A

-52 male murders
-14psychopath 38 not
-incarcerated in Canadian correctional facilities admitted crime
-volunteer sample
-8 first degree, 32 second degree, 10 manslaughter
-mean age 28.9

23
Q

what was the psychology checklist revised?

A

20 criteria answer 0-2
score of 30+ are psychopaths
-carried out by extensively trained prison psychologist or researchers well trained

24
Q

what happened at the beginning of Hancocks study?

A

participants interviewed
told purpose if study and procedure

25
Q

what were the participants asked to do in Hancocks study?

A

-audio taped
-describe homocide in as much detail as possible
-encouraged to provide info from beginning to end
-prompted through standardise procedure (Stepwise)

26
Q

who were the interviewers for Hancocks study?

A

two senior psychology graduate students and one research assistant
blind to psychopath scores
-lasted 25 mins

27
Q

how were they transcribed in Hancocks study?

A

-as close to verbatim as possible
-checked spelling errors
-interviewer comments deleted
-proper nouns and abbreviations spelled out

28
Q

what were the two text analysis tools used in Hancocks study?

A

-Corpus analysis programme Wmatrix (compare speech, analyse semantic concepts)

-The dictionary of Affect in Language (examine affective tone)

29
Q

What were the amount of words used results for Hancock?

A

-total of 127 376
-psychopaths 2201.5
-non psychopaths 2554.3
not significant difference

30
Q

How did the types of words differ between psychopaths and non psychopaths?

A

psychopaths: twice as many words on basic physiological needs- food, drink, money. More past tense verbs (stabbed) more concrete nouns. less positive and emotionally intense, less fluent
non psychopaths: more language about social needs, family, religion, spirituality
-no significant difference in emotional content of language based on intensity, imagery, pleasantness

31
Q

% of psychopaths and non who mentioned food

A

89
117

32
Q

% of psychopaths and non who mentioned family

A

84
555

33
Q

what were Hancocks conclusions?

A

-more likely to describe cause and effect
-linguistically frame crime as in the past, describe in an idiosyncratic way
-focus more on physiological needs
-less emotionally intense
-more disfluent
-focus on lower level of Maslow hierarchy

34
Q

what was the first IQ test?

A

simon-binot

35
Q

what were the first generation of intelligence tests? what were they

A

stanford-binet
wechsler test
they were individual tests

36
Q

what was there a major push for in America in ww1?

A

group testing of intelligence
quick and easy method

37
Q

what did yerkes believe about intelligence?

A

it was inherited and couldn’t be changed
-intelligence can be measured objectively through scoring systems

38
Q

what did Gould want to show?

A

issues with psychometric testing and measurement of intelligence

Psychology (20 decks)

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