external influences on childrens behaviour Flashcards
what is the background for bandura?
-SLT aggressive tendencies can be strengthened through vicarious reinforcement
-little previous research shows how aggressive model behaviour can affect a child’s behaviour when the model isn’t present
-chucky and the two scousers, watershed, train track, James bulger and john venables
What are Banduras four hypothesis?
-children shown aggressive model show significantly more imitative acts than those shown non aggressive models
-children shown non aggressive models show significantly less aggressive behaviour
-boys show more imitative aggression than girls
-children imitate same sex model
What is the aim of banduras research?
-to investigate observational learning of aggression
-to see if children would reproduce aggressive behaviour when model was no longer present
-to look for gender differences in learning of aggression
what was Banduras sample?
72 children
36 boys and girls
mean age 52months
stanford university nursery school
what is the design for banduras research?
lab experiment
matched participant design
pre existing levels of aggression using 5 point scale rated by experimenter and teacher
what are the iv for bandura?
aggressive/ non aggressive model
sex of model
sex of child
what are the dv for bandura?
amount of imitative behaviour and aggression shown by chold
what was the aggression measured in Banduras study?
-imitative
-partially imitative
- non imitative behaviour
What were the conditions in Banduras study?
-boy and male aggressive/ non aggressive model
-girl and male aggressive/ non aggression model
-boy and female a/na
-girl and female a/na
-control group (no model)
in the procedure how did they carry out ‘modelling the behaviour’(b)
each child individually in playroom- 10mins
exposed to model
a= hit, kick, ‘kick him’ ‘pow’
na= assemble other toys ignore bobo doll
in the procedure how was arousal increased? bandura
annoy and increase aggression levels
taken to very attractive toys
played with them for two mins
not allowed to play anymore as very best toys and were reserved for other children
in the procedure how was testing for delayed imitation measured?(b)
observed playing 20 mins
2 observers watched through one way mirror
observers unaware of condition- eliminate bias
what were the three types of aggression measured?
imitative aggression
non imitative
partially imitative
what were the results for bandura?
- male model, male imitative physical aggression 25.4 no aggression 1.5
- female model, female imitative physical aggression 5.5 no aggression 2.5
- children who witnessed a model more likely to be a
- girls 13.7 more verbally a than boys 4.3
- little difference in control group and na group
what were the conclusions for bandura study?
-witnessing aggression in a model can be enough to produce aggression by an observer
-children imitate gender specific behaviour boys more likely to imitate physical aggression girls imitate verbal aggression
what was the background for Chaney et al?
-behaviour therapy + modification (based on classical + operant conditioning) used by clinical psychologists to improve adherence to medical compliance
-poor adherence for frequency and technique major issue for inhaled medication 30%-70%
