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Hematology 1 > (P) Week 4: WBC Functions and kinetics Part 1 > Flashcards

(P) Week 4: WBC Functions and kinetics Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

two types of immunity

A

natural / innate immunity
adaptive / acquired immunity

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2
Q

T or F

only the first line of immunity is under natural or innate immunity

A

F (first and second lines of defense)

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3
Q

What line of immunity is under acquired / adaptive immunity

A

third line

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4
Q

1st / 2nd / 3rd line of defense

physical barriers
biochemical barriers
neurologic response
urination
diarrhea

A

first line

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5
Q

1st / 2nd / 3rd line of defense

Phagocytosis
LGL’s cytotoxicity
Inflammatory response
Complement systems
- (alternative and lectin pathway)
plasma proteins

A

second line of defense

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6
Q

1st / 2nd / 3rd line of defense

Antigen-presenting cells
immunocytes
complement system
(classical pathway, y-interferon, interleukins)

A

third line

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7
Q

T or F

Schistosoma Japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, and schistosoma haematobium are blood flakes that can penetrate through the skin

A

F (Blood FLUKES)

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8
Q

a specific stage of parasite that can penetrate intact skin

A

fork-tailed cercaria

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9
Q

hookworm species that can penetrate through skin

A

necator americanus
ancylostoma duodenale

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10
Q

body secretions that act as biochemical barriers contains what type of enzyme

A

lysozyme enzyme

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11
Q

The ____________ are effective in killing and digesting
organism that harbors and colonized tissues,
however they are not that effective in eradicating
organism that already lives and multiply inside cells
like the viruses

A

phagocytes

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12
Q

Viruses that evaded the phagocytes and already
lived inside the cell will be eradicated by the
human body’s __________________

A

third line of defense

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13
Q

what does LGL stand for?

A

large granular lymphocytes

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14
Q

what are the three different kinds of LGL`

A

NK cell
K cell
LAK cell (lymphokine activated killer)

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15
Q

These have the capability to eradicate tumor and cancer cells

A

LGLs

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16
Q

these can kill virally-infected cells

A

LGLs

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17
Q

T or F

memory T cells and memory B cells are are natural immunity

A

F (acquired)

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18
Q

Enumerate the three antigen presenting cells

A

macrophages
b-cells
dendritic cells

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19
Q

enumerate the three immunocytes

A

T-cell
b-cell
plasma cells

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20
Q

the third line of defense’s complement pathway’s components are:

A

classical pathway
y-interferon
interleukins

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21
Q

t or F

adaptive immunity has memory

A

T

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22
Q

two classification of wbc according to function

A

Phagocyte and non-phagocyte

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23
Q

two classification of wbc according to granulation

A

granulocyte and non-granulocyte

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24
Q

two classification of wbc according to lobulation

A

polymorphonuclear and mononuclear

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25
Q

enumerate phagocytic wbcs:

A

neutro
eos
baso
mono

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26
Q

enumerate nonphagocytic wbcs:

A

lymphocyte

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27
Q

enumerate wbcs with granulation:

A

neutro
eos
baso

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28
Q

enumerate wbcs without granulation:

A

lympho
mono

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29
Q

enumerate wbcs with lobulation:

A

neutron
eos
baso

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30
Q

enumerate mononuclear wbcs:

A

mono
lympho

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31
Q

classification of wbc that is able to ingest foreign material via degranulation

A

phagocyte

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32
Q

classification of wbc, also known as immunocytes

A

non phagocytes

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33
Q

t or f

immunocytes are able to ingest foreign material via degranulation

A

F (unable to ingest)

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34
Q

classification of WBC that has visible granulesin the cytoplasm

A

granulocyte

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35
Q

classification of WBC that has visible granules only under an electron microscope

A

non-granulocyte (absent visible granules under light microscope)

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36
Q

polymorphonuclear with 3-5 lobes

A

neutrophil

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37
Q

Abnormal neutrophil having only 2 lobes is called

A

Pelger-Huet anomaly

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38
Q

Abnormal neutrophil having more than 6 lobes is called

A

hypersegmented neutrophil / toxic hypersegmentation

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39
Q

how many lobes do eosinophils and basophils have?

A

2-3

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40
Q

type of wbc characterized with the absence of lobes/segmentation

A

Mononuclear

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41
Q

LGLs are categorized in _________ (granulocytes / non-granulocyte)

A

granulocytes

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42
Q

enumerate the steps of phagocytosis

A

(1) Margination
(2) Migration
(3) Chemotaxis
(4) Engulfment
(5) Digestion
(6) Excretion

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43
Q

defined as tissue under injury, part of our body defenses/immunity

A

Inflammation

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44
Q

The _____________ or also known as “cell eating” is commonly part of the inflammatory response that the body experience

A

phagocytosis

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45
Q

three phases of inflammation:

A

Vascular response– 1st
Cellular response– 2nd
Tissue repair– 3rd

46
Q

increased blood of flow to the site of injury is very important to ___________________

A

recruit more WBCs

47
Q

pertains to increased amount of blood in
the vessels of an organ or tissue
in the body

A

hyperemia

48
Q

redness or ____________ is a sign that the body is having an inflammation

A

rubor

49
Q

why does the blood vessel constrict after vasodilation in cases of injury / inflammation

A

to allow the transferring or migration of
the WBCs

50
Q

where do the wbc migrate to after vasoconstrict?

A

interstitial tissues

51
Q

what are the chemicals that allow our blood vessel to constrict?

A

serotonin
prostaglandin (may dilate or constrict)
thromboxane A2

52
Q

T or F

During vascular response, when the blood
vessels dilate, there is an increase of vascular
permeability

A

T

53
Q

plasma leakage is important as it lets in proteins with _____________ characteristics

A

antimicrobial

54
Q

What is the consequence whenever the plasma will now leak on our tissue?

A

edema / tumor

55
Q

When plasma leaks, it tries to absorb back into our capillaries, but there is ________, contributing to the pain felt when there’s an inflammation

A

tension

56
Q

is one of our pain
chemicals in order for us to be aware that
there is a problem with that specific
component of our body.

A

Prostaglandin

57
Q

pain is also known as

A

“dulor”

58
Q

5 Signs and Symptoms of Inflammation

A

Rubor=redness
Dolor=pain
Tumor=swelling or edema
Calor=heat
Loss of Function

59
Q

what process will begin in cellular response

A

phagocytosis process

60
Q

These WBC cells protect us from
organisms that are penetrating
outside of the cell.

A

Monocytes or macrophages

61
Q

If the inflammation is acute or in an early phase
of inflammation, the predominating WBC that is
responding in acute inflammatory response will
be the

A

neutrophils

62
Q

predominating WBC during
chronic inflammatory response will be

A

monocytes or macrophages

63
Q

how many % of the neutrophils will try to adhere on the blood vessel wall during margination?

A

50

64
Q

why is margining the blood vessel wall first step in phagocytosis?

A

because wbc has to migrate

65
Q

The WBCs like macrophages and
neutrophils can move because of this
process.
They have the capability to do

A

diapedesis or pseudopodia

66
Q

two different movements of WBCs:

A

Progressive or Directional Movement
Random Movement

67
Q

When the WBC does not want to move, there is
no random movement or directional movement, we call it as

A

“lazy leucocytes syndrome”

68
Q

certain movements of the WBCs that
is impaired wherein the problem is the
directional movement.

A

“job’s syndrome” / “hyper IgE syndrome”.

69
Q

This is necessary for successful margination
of WBCs during phagocytosis.

A

“adhesion molecules”

70
Q

This will lead to ________ phagocytic
function of our WBCs as a result of
poor adhesion of our WBCs

A

abnormal

71
Q

enumerate the steps in the adhesion molecule process

A
  1. rolling
  2. activation
  3. adhesion
  4. migration
72
Q

bacterium proteins will mix with our
issue fluids, and this will signal our WBCs

what are these signals called?

A

chemotactic signals

73
Q

chemotactic signals can be:

A

cellular debris,
immune complexes, and
exposure of phosphatidylserine molecules,
bacterial proteins,
viral proteins,
complement fragments

74
Q

Chemotactic agents may be produced by

A

damaged cells
leukocytes (like lymphocytes)
other phagocytes

75
Q

They are aggregated (cluster) immunoglobulins
- This occurs occasionally in SLE, an
autoimmune disease, due to the excessive save
release of this antibody

A

immune complexes

76
Q

immune complexes are too numerous in the plasma, therefore they stick together and deposit themselves on the ____________

A

blood vessel wall

77
Q

receptors and ligands available in the blood vessel walls

A

selectins

78
Q

selectin that will bind with the mucin like CAM

A

E-selectin

79
Q

adheres on the selectins and a receptor present in our WBC

A

Mucin like cam

80
Q

receptor which is present in
the WBCs membrane
. This will bind to
integrin-CAM

A

Integrin

81
Q

Integrin-CAM– which is provided in our
__________

A

blood vessel wall

82
Q

Chemoattractant receptor binds with ?

A

chemokine IL-6

83
Q

pull / force found in the blood vessel

A

marginal pull and circulating

84
Q

T or F

heparan sulfate is an example of the different chemicals released by endothelial cells allowing for margination of WBC in the blood vessel wall

A

T

85
Q

expressed on activated endothelial cells and
platelets.

selectin that can be induced by thrombin, leukotriene B4, complement fragment C5a, histamine, TNFa or LPS
- these cytokines induce the externalization of Weibel-palade bodies

A

P-selectin

86
Q

expressed on activated endothelial cells

synthesis of this selectin is induced by IL-1 and TNFa

  • binds PSGL-1 and ESL-1
  • only one
A

E-selectin

87
Q

selectin that’s constitutively expressed on some leukocytes

known to bind GlyCAM-1, MadCAM-1 and
CD34 as ligands

A

L – selectins

88
Q

enumerate adhesion molecules

A

selectin
integrins
IL-16
Heparan sulfate

89
Q

special protein needed for successful migration in phagocytosis

A

pecamproteins

90
Q
  • movement of the WBCs from one site
    going to where the source of chemotactic signal is
A

Chemotaxis

91
Q

type of Chemotaxis when the WBC traveled to
the right source of the bacteria/signal

essential for successful
Phagocytosis

A

Positive Chemotaxis

92
Q

type of Chemotaxis When the WBCs didn’t
reach the right source/bacteria.

A

Negative Chemotaxis

93
Q

As the phagocyte nears the foreign bodies it will open its cytoplasm and engulf it. As the
microorganism or foreign bodies are ingested it will be enclosed within a cytoplasmic vacuole forming a structure known as ___________

A

phagosome

94
Q

how many bacteria are usually in a phagosomes vacuole?

A

15

95
Q

how is the capability of the phagocyte to kill measured?

A

phagocytic index

96
Q

Phagocytes (neutrophils) are very effective in
eradicating or clearing off all the organisms that are
colonizing (inside/outside) our cell.

A

outside

97
Q

Organisms that
try to invade the cell then they multiply inside the cell
like virus.

A

Obligate intracellular organism

98
Q

In the cytoplasm of our WBCs you can find granules,
some of them contains enzyme that has the
capability to digest or kill organisms and the process
is called as

A

Digestion

99
Q

when does digestion occur?

A

when the secondary granules / lysosomal granules attach to the phagosome

100
Q

the product when the lysosome
attaches to our phagosomes.

A

Phagolysosome

101
Q

engulfment or digestion?

phagosome is formed

A

engulfment

102
Q

engulfment or digestion?

phagolysosome formation

A

digestion

103
Q

phagocytosis : cell eating
_____________ : cell drinking

A

pinocytosis

104
Q

platelets release these two to contribute in the repair of the connective tissues and the smooth muscles in our blood vessels

A

growth factor
beta thromboglobulin

105
Q

respiratory burst is also known as

A

oxidative burst

106
Q

individuals with this disease have phagocytes that are unable to undergo oxidative burst

A

chronic granulomatous disease

107
Q

T or F

oxidative burst can also kill bacteria

A

T

108
Q

NADPH can be stained by

A

nitro blue tetrazolium

109
Q

acute myeloid leukemia may be stained with

A

peroxidase stain

110
Q

please read on the process of the oxidative burst / respiratory burst

A

go na

Hematology 1 (32 decks)

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