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Hematology 1 > (M) Week 8: CBC and other procedures II part 2 > Flashcards

(M) Week 8: CBC and other procedures II part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reagent used in the New Methylene blue technique in dry method reticulocyte count

A

New Methylene blue

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2
Q

what reagent is used in the Cook, Meyer, and Tureen Method in dry method reticulocyte count

A

brilliant cresyl bleu

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3
Q

What is the reagent used in the Selverd’s method in dry method reticulocyte count

A

Brilliant Cresyl Blue

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4
Q

What are the microscopic wet methods of reticulocyte count

A
  1. light microscope method
  2. calibrated miller disk method
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5
Q

What reagent is preferred for Osgood-Wilhelm method

A

new-methylene blue

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6
Q

this is an optical aid inserted into the eyepiece of the microscope, allows for more accurate count

A

Miller disc

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7
Q

Miller disc

The disc ruling consists of a center
square containing a secondary square
ruled area that is ____ the area of the
larger square.

A

1/9

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8
Q

what is the computation for the miller disc method

A

%reticulocyte = no. of reticulocytes in large square x 100/ no. of rbc in small square x 9

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9
Q

What the automated method of reticulocyte count shown in the lecturer

A

Sysmex R - 1000

its like gawk gawk 3000 but reticulocytes

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10
Q

What is the principle of sysmex R-1000 for the determination of the percent reticulocyte and the absolute reticulocyte count

A

Sysmex R-1000

flow cytometry

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11
Q

What are the stains for reticulocyte count

A
  1. New methylene blue
  2. Brilliant cresyl blue
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12
Q

what is the composition of new methylene blue

A

1gm new methylene blue
80mL NSS
20mL 3% sodium citrate

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13
Q

increase / decrease in reticulocytes in blood

hemolytic anemia
lead poisoning
malaria
parasitic infections
blood intoxication

A

increase

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14
Q

increase / decrease in reticulocytes in blood

kala-azar
erythroblastic anemia
sickle cell anemia
relapsing fever
leukemia
splenic tumor

A

increase

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15
Q

increase / decrease in reticulocytes in blood

aplastic anemia
acute benzol poisoning
chronic infections
anaplastic crisis of hemolytic anemia

A

decrease

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16
Q

increase / decrease in reticulocytes in blood

pregnancy
at birth
menstruation

A

increase (physiologic)

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17
Q

What are the main sources of technical sources of technical error in reticulocyte count

A
  1. failure to mix the blood and stain completely
  2. presence of refractile artifacts
  3. increased blood glucose level
  4. presence of pappenheimer bodies, heinz bodies, and howell-jolly bodies
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18
Q

this is classically employed as an index of the presence of active diseases like tuberculosis, tonsilitis, rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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19
Q

this is a non-specific test and results are affected by factors other than that of the blood cells and the plasma

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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20
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

The test depends on the fact that in the blood to which ___________ has been
added, the red corpuscles sediment until they form a packed column in the
lower part of the tube or container

A

anticoagulant

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21
Q

What are the stages in ESR

A
  1. initial period of aggregation / rouleaux formation
  2. stage of fast setting
  3. final period of packing
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22
Q

at what time mark does the rouleaux formation occur in ESR

A

First ten minutes

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23
Q

when does ESR fast setting occur?

A

40 minutes

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24
Q

when does the final period of packing occur in ESR

A

LAST TEN MINUTES

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25
When do you check the values of ESR again?
after an hour
26
reading the result less than an hour may cause a false (increase / decrease) of the ESR value
decrease
27
reading the result beyond an hour may cause a false (increase / decrease) of the ESR value
increase
28
What is the importance of ESR
1. Used as an index of the presence of an active infection 2. measures the suspension stability of RBCs 3. Indicates abnormal concentration of fibrinogen, globulin, and other plasma proteins
29
T or F under normal state, RBCs do not stick together as they are negatively charged
T
30
T or F when proteins (positively charged) are increased, it will facilitate the formation of Rouleaux
T
31
increased rouleaux will also increase/decrease the ESR value
increase
32
increased albumin will increase/decrease ESR
Decrease
33
which one is more preferred for ESR a. Wintrobe-Landsberg b. Wesetergren
B
34
type of ESR method that is harder to use as it should only be placed in an undisturbed surface
westergren wintrobe-landsberg
35
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren Tube bore (diameter)
WL: 3mm WG: 2.5
36
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren Tube calibration
WL: 100mm WG: 200mm
37
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren Tube length
WL: 115mm WG: 300mm
38
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren Anticoagulant
WL: Hellen and Paul's double oxalate (1 part citrate : 4 parts blood) WG: 3.8 trisodium citrate
39
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren Number of reading
WL: one reading only (after one hour) WG: Two readings (after on hour and after two hours)
40
Normal values for Wintrobe-Landsberg
Men : 0-10 mm/hr Women: 0-20 mm/hr
41
Normal values for Westergen
Men: 0-15 mm/hr Women: 0-17 mm'hr
42
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren Dilution
WL: no dilution WG: 0.6 mL of sodium citrate to 1.4mL of blood
43
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren bottom of tube
WL: open WG: flat and closed
44
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren correction for anemia
WL: applicable WG: not applicable
45
Wintrobe-Landsberg vs Westergren additional tests
WL: hct, microglobulin determination, and icterus index WG: none
46
advantage of Wintrobe-Landsberg
smaller amount of blood needed
47
advantage for Westergren method
most sensitive method for serial study of chronic diseases
48
disadvantage of Wintrobe-Landsberg
large amount of blood is necessary
49
disadvantage of Westergren
less sensitive due to shorter column
50
What type of ESR method is preferred?
Wintrobe-Landsberg
51
This method of ESR determination is the most sensitive
Westergren method
52
This method of ESR is an accurate method in majority of the cases
wintrobe-landsberg method
53
This method is considered the most sensitive for ESR determination. It can be used for the serial study of chronic diseases like tuberculosis and carcinoma.
Westergren method
54
An automated ESR system that is fully automated for ESR determination
Automated ESR system by Vega Biomedical
55
how many mL of blood is collected on an evacuated tube containing liquid sodium citrate
1mL
56
how many minutes does a Ves-Matic analyzer take to produce results
Ves-Matic analyzer 20-25
57
Automated ESR Ves-matic analyzer can take 4 samples at one time
Mini-ves
58
Automated ESR Ves-matic analyzer can take 20 samples at one time and print results
Ves-Matic-20
59
Automated ESR Ves-matic analyzer can take 60 samples at one time, print results, and identifies sample by bar code
Ves-Matic 60
60
Intrinsic / Extrinsic factors affecting ESR Plasma factors red cell factors
intrinsic
61
Intrinsic / Extrinsic factors affecting ESR Mechanical factors Technical factors Physical factors
extrinsic
62
What are plasma factors that increase the rate of fall
increased fibrinogen concentration increased globulin concentration cholesterol
63
What are red cell factors that increase the rate of fall?
macrocytes anemia hemolysis
64
Intrinsic / Extrinsic factors 1. Temperature will increase rate of ESR above 27-degree C. 2. Longer sedimentation tube. 3. Larger bore of sedimentation tube 4. Inclination of tilting of sedimentation tube. ( A 3 degree will result in an error up to 30%) 5. Increased dilution of blood. 6. Presence of air bubbles within blood column. 7. Wet glasswares 8. Hemolysis
Extrinsic
65
T or F ESR is more constant in women
F (men)
66
When does ESR begin to increase in pregnancy?
3rd to 4th month
67
when does ESR return to normal in terms of pregnancy
It doesnt return until 3rd or 4th week postpartum
68
In newborns ESR is (increased/decreased)
decreased
69
In older adults, ESR is (increased/ decreased)
increased
70
Comments and Sources of Errors ESR is a non-specific indicator of ______________
tissue damage
71
Comments and Sources of Errors Conditions in which ___________________ is inhibited, such as sickle cell anemia; spherocytosis may be accompanied by a normal ESR or a low ESR
Rouleaux formation
72
Comments and Sources of Errors Blood must be fresh. Leaving the specimen for more than 2 hours at room temperature will cause RBC to become ____________, thus inhibits ___________________-
spherical rouleaux formation
73
Comments and Sources of Errors whole blood specimens left overnight will result in (lower/higher) values
lower
74
Comments and Sources of Errors Slight tilting of the sedimentation tube will increase/decrease results
increase
75
Comments and Sources of Errors T or F If area of reading is clear, read at the level where the full RBC density is apparent
F (hazy instead of clear)
76
Comments and Sources of Errors The presence of anemia ____________ ESR as a tool to diagnose disease process
invalidates
77
Zeta sedimentation rate is performed using
zetafuge and special capillary tubes
78
ZSR is dependent on the concentration of ___________________ and _____________
fibrinogen and gamma globulins
79
What sample is used for ZSR?
EDTA-anticoagulated venous or capillary blood
80
formula for ZSR
ZSR% = HCT% x 100 / Zetacrit
81
ZSR reference range: NORMAL
40-51%
82
ZSR reference range: borderline normal
51-54%
83
ZSR reference range: moderately elevated
60-64%
83
ZSR reference range: mildly elevated
55-59%
84

Hematology 1 (32 decks)

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