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Hematology 1 > (M) Week 9: Special test for diagnosis of certain RBC membrane defects > Flashcards

(M) Week 9: Special test for diagnosis of certain RBC membrane defects Flashcards

1
Q

Tests can be used to classify anemia

a. CBC
b. ESR
C. PBS
d. a and b
e. a and c

A

e

An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that that can show if you have inflammation in your body

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2
Q

T or F

Polycythemia can also be detected using special hematology laboratory tests

A

t

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3
Q

test used to diagnose hereditary spherocytosis

A

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility test

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4
Q

a genetic membrane defect associated with deficiency or abnormal molecular structure of either the alpha or beta chain of spectrin

A

hereditary spherocytosis

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5
Q

What are the defective peripheral proteins associated with hereditary spherocytosis

A

ankyrin
protein band 3
protein band 4.2

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6
Q

characteristics of rbc membrane in hereditary spherocytosis

A

loose and fragile

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7
Q

RBC of patients with hereditary spherocytosis have this defect on its membrane

A

blebs

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8
Q

RBC blebs are removed by ________________ from the spleen , decreasing the red cell membrane which forms a small and _________ shaped red cell instead of a disc shaped

A

macrophages
sphere

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9
Q

Spherocytes have a low surface to area volume ratio, measuring <5um in diameter resulting to

(low/high) MCV
(low/high) MCHC

A

low MCV and high MCHC

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10
Q

which test principle is this?

subjecting the red cells into different concentration of salt starting from hypertonic solution (1.0% NaCl) or isotonic solution (0.90-0.85% NaCl) and identify at what salt concentration shows the initial and complete hemolysis

A

Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test

for hereditary spherocytosis

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11
Q

normal red cell _______________ at hypertonic solution

A

shrinks

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12
Q

normal red cell will _____________ in isotonic solution

A

will not lyse

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13
Q

normal red cell will ___________ at hypotonic solution

A

eventually lyse

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14
Q

a normal red cell without any defect on its membrane can withstand up to ___________ solution without lysis

A

0.5% NaCl hypotonic solution

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15
Q

partial hemolysis will only happen on _____________ of NaCl solution

A

0.40 -0.45%

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16
Q

hemolysis will only occur to normal rbc at ___________ NaCl solution

A

0.30 -0.35%

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17
Q

In hereditary spherocytosis, the red cells are lysed higher than _________ NaCl solution

A

0.5%

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18
Q

these are abnormal red cells that shares the same result with spherocytes if subjected to EOFT

A

elliptocytes
macrocytes
ovalocytes

(EMO, tore my life (hemolysis) into pieces this is my last desire ~)

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19
Q

What are the non lysing red cells in EOFT

A

hypochromic red cells
sickle cells
target cells / codocytes

(hay, so tibay)

hay = hypochromic red cells
so = sickle cells
tibay = target cells

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20
Q

In Manual EOFT procedure, what is the formula to get the concentration of the test tube?

A

Tube No. that showed partial/complete hemolysis x 0.02

o For example, Test Tube 21
o To get concentration of the test tube:
- IH: 21 x 0.02 = 0.42%

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21
Q

Manual EOFT procedures: Interpret the results

From glass tube 25 to 12, obtain the following results:

First test tube that contains Initial Hemolysis is Test tube 14. While, test tube 12 contains complete hemolysis.

A

Abnormal, presence of non-lysing RBCs

22
Q

This test is used to confirm the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or PNH

A

ham test / acidified serum test

23
Q

confirmatory or screening test for PNH?

Ham’s test

A

diagnostic

24
Q

confirmatory or screening test for PNH?

acidified serum test

A

diagnostic

25
confirmatory or screening test for PNH? sugar water test
bonus: its both screening daw talaga yan but other text books say na it's also diagnostic) manual says na screening lang
26
confirmatory or screening test for PNH? flow cytometry
diagnostic/confirmatory
27
PNH is associated with deficiency of which protein
guanidine phosphate inositol linked protein
28
which cd markers are decreased / absent in the genetic deficiency of guanidine phosphate inositol linked protein ## Footnote protective gear
CD 55 and CD-59 55 (decaying accelerating factor) 59 (membrane inhibitor reactive lysis)
29
CD 55 AKA
Decaying Accelerating factor
30
CD 59 AKA
Membrane inhibitor reactive analysis
31
What are the three types of PNH?
type 1 type 2 type 3
32
which PNH type shows a mild loss of the gpi-proteins
type 1
33
which PNH type exhibits moderate and complete absence of gpi-proteins
type 2 and 3
34
red cells without CD 55 and CD 59 are prone to ________________________ specially if the blood pH is slightly acidic
spontaneous complemented mediated hemolysis
35
what are the three different types of serum prepared in Ham's test
normal serum patient's serum inactivated serum
36
iactivated serum is prepared by heating the serum at _____ for ______
56 deg celsius for 20 minutes | 30*
37
which complement proteins are deactivated in the preparation of inactivated serum
C4 and C2
38
what reagent is used in ham's test
0.2 N HCl
39
___ ul of defibrinated blood is placed on each serum preparations in Ham's test and incubated for _____ hour at _____ temperature
20 1 hour 37 deg celsius / water bath temp
40
Ham's test in normal patients, which serum tube/s will show hemolysis? | positive for PNH
patient's serum and normal serum | this is positive for PNH
41
Ham's test in normal patients which tube/s will not show hemolysis
inactivated serum
42
what other hematological disorder may show a positive test result in Ham's test
CDA type II or HEMPAS Hereditary spherocytosis sin
43
in patients with CDA type II / HEMPAS, which tubes show hemolysis when subjected to Ham's test?
normal and inactivated serum
44
sample of patients with hereditary spherocytosis show mild hemolysis when subjected to Ham's test
all of them
45
this test is a screening test for the assessment of PNH it is sensitive but not specific to PNH
sugar water test
46
this test principle belongs to which type of test? the patient’s whole blood will be mixed with sugar water solution at room temperature and allow it to stand for 10 minutes, then after which check the mixture for hemolysis.
Sugar water test
47
what is a positive result for sugar water test
hemolysis in the mmixture
48
what is a negative result for sugar water test
no hemolysis
49
this test uses an isotonic sucrose solution normal ABO compatible serum from where the patient's rbc will be placed
sucrose hemolysis test
50
________ will lyse and _________ will not in the sucrose hemolysis test
PNH red cell = hemolysis normal red cells = will not lyse
51
what other conditions show a positive result in sucrose hemolysis test
leukemia and myelosclerosis

Hematology 1 (32 decks)

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