(P) Week 2: Hematopoiesis PART 2

Question 1

refers to how big is the nucleus in comparison to the space in the cytoplasm

Answer 1

Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio

Question 2

T or F

N:C ratio
Nucleus is increasing in size, therefore making the space in the cytoplasm smaller

Answer 2

F (decreasing nucleus size, larger cytoplasm)

Question 3

Which stages of RBC precursor cells no longer has a nucleus

Answer 3

Reticulocytes and Mature red cells

Question 4

The only stage where the cytoplasm space is larger than the nucleus

Answer 4

Metarubricyte

Question 5

Term for nuclear death / degradation

Answer 5

Karyorexis

Question 6

What is the cytoplasmic color of the RBC precursor cells before it becomes redder as it matures

Answer 6

basophilic (blue nucleus)

Question 7

Why does the cytoplasmic color turns redder as the RBC matures?

Answer 7

there’s more hemoglobin content

Question 8

which RBC development stage does heme and globin formation start?

Answer 8

rubriblast

Question 9

where is heme synthesized?

Answer 9

mitochondria

Question 10

globin is synthesized by

Answer 10

ribosomes

Question 11

where does heme and globin meet to become a hemoglobin?

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

T or F

A compact chromatin structure pertains to an alive nucleus

Answer 12

F (dying nucleus aggregates and create a highly compact structure)

Question 13

Which stages of RBC maturation have cell divisions?

Answer 13

1. Rubriblast
2. Prorubricyte
3. rubricyte

Question 14

how many RBCs are produced from a single rubriblast?

Answer 14

16 (based on the number of cell divisions)

Question 15

stage of RBC maturation where hemoglobin becomes complete

Answer 15

Rubricyte

Question 16

Particular RBC maturation stage where nuclear extrusion / removal occurs

Answer 16

Metarubricyte

Question 17

last stage of hemoglobin formation because there’s still remnants of mitochondria and ribosomes

Answer 17

Reticulocyte

Question 18

T or F

You can no longer synthesize hemoglobin if the stage lacks a nucleus

Answer 18

F (you may continue hemoglobin synthesis as long as there’s still mitochondria and ribosomes)

Question 19

reticulocytes stays in the bone marrow for ___ days held by _______

Answer 19

2days, held by fibronectin

Question 20

what reduces the fibronectin that holds the reticulocytes in the bone marrow, so that it could enter the circulation

Answer 20

EPO

Question 21

What is the normal reticulocyte concentration in the adult individual?

Answer 21

0.5-1.5% only (some books say maximum 2%)

Question 22

term for excessive reticulocytes

Answer 22

reticulocytosis

Question 23

what is the term for early released reticulocytes which takes time to mature

Answer 23

shift / stressed reticulocyte

Question 24

T or F

There’s still hemoglobin synthesis in the mature red cell to maintain its red color

Answer 24

F (NO hemoglobin synthesis)

Question 25

term for the change in shape of the RBC from the normal shape

Answer 25

poikilocytosis

Question 26

Which of the following is the most mature normoblast? a. orthochromatic normoblast b. Basophilic normoblast c. pronormoblast d. polychromatic normoblast

Answer 26

a

Question 27

What is the organ that gradually removes the remnants of mitochondria and ribosomes in the reticulocyte?

Answer 27

pitting function of the spleen

Question 28

Which among the red cell precursors has almost 1:1 ratio, with a murky gray-blue cytoplasmic hue and no distinct nucleoli a. metarubricyte b. rubricyte c. reticulocyte d. prorubricyte

Answer 28

rubricyte

Question 29

What is the growth factor of RBCs?

Answer 29

EPO

Question 30

What are the two growth factors of leukocytopoiesis

Answer 30

CSF-G and CSF-M

Question 31

what does CSF-G stand for?

Answer 31

Colony Stimulating Factor - Granulocytes

Question 32

what does CSF-M stand for?

Answer 32

Colony Stimulating Factor - monocytes

Question 33

Enumerate the five stages of granulocytopoiesis

Answer 33

1. Myeloblast 2. Promyelocyte 3. Myelocyte 4. Metamyelocyte 5. Band / stab cell

Question 34

What are the three mature granulocytes?

Answer 34

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

Question 35

there are ______ nuclear divisions in granulocytopiesis

Answer 35

5-6

Question 36

which stages of granulocytopoiesis are considered to be the mitotic pool?

Answer 36

myeloblast promyelocyte myelocyte

Question 37

These stages of granulocytopoiesis are called the maturation pool

Answer 37

metamyelocyte band/stab cell segmenters

Question 38

T or F cell size in granulocytopoiesis is decreasing as it matures

Answer 38

T

Question 39

which stages of granulocytopoiesis have clearly visible nucleoli

Answer 39

myeloblast and promyelocyte

Question 40

_________ has non visible nucleoli

Answer 40

myelocyte

Question 41

Only ______ __________ has absolutely no cytoplasmic granules

Answer 41

Type 1

Question 42

type ___ myeloblast has <20 cytoplasmic granules

Answer 42

2

Question 43

type ___ myeloblast has >20 cytoplasmic granules

Answer 43

3

Question 44

what gives myelocyte a lilac color on its granules?

Answer 44

secondary granules

Question 45

which granulocytopoiesis stages have blue cytoplasm

Answer 45

myeloblast

Question 46

what are synthesized during the promyelocyte stage?

Answer 46

primary granules / azurophilic granulocyte

Question 47

T or F We may be able to tell what type of granulocyte will be formed as early as promyelocyte

Answer 47

F (as early as myelocyte)

Question 48

what is the color of neutrophil's granules

Answer 48

Lilac

Question 49

what is the color of basophil's granules

Answer 49

blue-black

Question 50

what is the color of eosinophil's granules?

Answer 50

red

Question 51

what stage of granulopoiesis is called as the dawn of neutrophilia?

Answer 51

myelocyte

Question 52

Which stage divides? a. myeloblast b. myelocyte c. both d. neither

Answer 52

c

Question 53

this structure connects the lobulations of a singular nucleus

Answer 53

filaments

Question 54

This granulocyte has 3-5 lobes

Answer 54

neutrophils

Question 55

high neutrophil count indicates ?

Answer 55

bacterial infection (my yummy matcha bread)

Question 56

what do you call a neutrophil with more than 5 lobes?

Answer 56

hypersegmented neutrophil

Question 57

this granulocyte has 2-3 lobes with red granules

Answer 57

eosinophil

Question 58

what does high eosinophil count indicate?

Answer 58

parasitic infection

Question 59

this granulocyte has 2-3 lobes with blue-black granules

Answer 59

basophil

Question 60

what does high basophil count indicate?

Answer 60

allergic reaction

Question 61

what is the half life of neutrophils in the blood

Answer 61

7hrs

Question 62

what is the half life of eosinophil in blood and in tissue?

Answer 62

blood 18 hrs tissue 2-5 days

Question 63

what is the lifespan of basophils

Answer 63

60 hrs

Question 64

what are the three stages of monocytopoiesis

Answer 64

1. monoblast 2. promonocyte 3. mature and immature monocyte

Question 65

T or F monocytopoeisis stages have alternating color and chromatin structure from beginning to the end

Answer 65

F (same color and chromatin structure)

Question 66

what do vaculation indicate?

Answer 66

the monocyte has already eaten and it's old

Question 67

what do you call monocyte that is in the blood?

Answer 67

monocyte

Question 68

what do you call monocytes in the tissue?

Answer 68

macrophage / histiocytes

Question 69

macrophage in brain tissue

Answer 69

microglial cells

Question 70

macrophage in the dermis

Answer 70

Langerhans cells

Question 71

macrophage in the liver

Answer 71

kuppfer cells

Question 72

macrophage in the lungs

Answer 72

alveolar macrophage

Question 73

macrophage in the synovial fluid

Answer 73

synovial A cells

Question 74

what is the end stage cell of monocytopoiesis in the tissue?

Answer 74

macrophage

Question 75

T or F monocytopoiesis stages have increasing cell size

Answer 75

T

Question 76

What is the cytoplasmic color of all stages of monocytopoiesis?

Answer 76

red-blue grayish

Question 77

which monocytopoiesis stages have visible nucleoli?

Answer 77

monoblast and promonocyte

Question 78

T or F monocytopoiesis stages have increasing N:C ratios as it matures

Answer 78

F (decreasing)

Question 79

What is the cytoplasmic color shared by all lymphocyte precursor cells?

Answer 79

basophilic

Question 80

which lymphocyte precursor cells have visible nucleoli?

Answer 80

lymphoblast and prolymphocyte

Question 81

T or F Lymphocyte precursor cells have increasing cell sizes?

Answer 81

F (decreasing)

Question 82

Lymphocyte precursor cells have ______ N:C ratios

Answer 82

decreasing

Question 83

T or F Small lymphocytes have no cytoplasmic granules

Answer 83

T

Question 84

T or F Large lymphocytes have eosinophilic granules

Answer 84

F (basophilic granules)

Question 85

What are the two types of small lymphocytes?

Answer 85

T and B cells

Question 86

What is under large lymphocytes?

Answer 86

NK cells / lymphokine activated killer cell

Question 87

Three stages of lymphocytes in the bone marro

Answer 87

1. lymphoblast 2. prolymphocyte 3. lymphocyte

Question 88

which organ do lymphocytes go to from the bone marrow in order to mature?

Answer 88

thymus

Question 89

This organ has recognition of self antigen and is considered to be the training ground of lymphocytes before being differentiated into t cells, b cells, or nk cells

Answer 89

thymus

Question 90

What are the two further differentiation of T and B cells?

Answer 90

memory and plasma cells

Question 91

What are the four stages of megakaryocytopoiesis?

Answer 91

1. megakaryoblast 2. promegakaryocyte 3. megakaryocyte 4. metamegakaryocyte

Question 92

T or F megakaryocyte cells decrease in size as they mature

Answer 92

f (increase)

Question 93

T or F megakaryocytopoiesis have decreasing N:C ratio

Answer 93

T

Question 94

what is the term for when cytoplasm is not dividing, nucleus is increasing in number only

Answer 94

endomitotic division

Question 95

how many nucleus number does a megakaryoblast have?

Answer 95

1

Question 96

how many nucleus number does a promegakaryocyte have?

Answer 96

2

Question 97

how many nucleus number does a megakaryocyte have?

Answer 97

2 or 4 (it cannot be odd)

Question 98

how many nucleus number does a metamegakaryocyte have?

Answer 98

4 or more until 32 (dapat even numbers lang)

Question 99

how many days does it take for a megakaryoblast to become a metamegakaryocyte?

Answer 99

5 to 7 days

Question 100

these are protrusions seen in a maturing platelet

Answer 100

cytoplasmic tags

Question 101

T or F Cytoplasmic can be visualized by both a light microscope and an electron microscope

Answer 101

F (electron only)

Question 102

T or F as the granules increase, the demarcation lines also increase

Answer 102

T

Question 103

Platelets come from the fragmentation of the _______________

Answer 103

metamegakaryocyte

Question 104

what are the 2 theories of platelet release

Answer 104

a. platelet shedding theory b. platelet budding / fragmentation theory

Question 105

Where do platelets bud out according to the fragmentation theory

Answer 105

from the megakaryocytic cytoplasm

Question 106

what is the function of platelets?

Answer 106

wound healing

Question 107

how many days do platelets last in the bloodstream for?

Answer 107

7-10 days

Question 108

how many percent of platelets will g o to the spleen to be sequestered

Answer 108

30%

Question 109

how many percent of platelets will stay in circulation?

Answer 109

70%

Question 110

Congrats for finishing the hematopoiesis cards !! (if ur a concrete sequential learner like nath) i f you see this card send nath your favorite cat meme

Answer 110

thanks xoxo