OT Business Wk1 Flashcards
Create and test hypotheses, look at cause and effect, and make scientific predictions
Quantitative research
Help understand and decipher social interactions
Qualitative research
Gives a quick summary and overview of the article/research study
Abstract
Identifies the purpose of the article, reviews the related literature, and lists the research questions or hypotheses addressed in the research
Introduction
What are the main sections of most research articles?
Abstract Introduction Literature review/Related information Methods Discussion Conclusion
Provides a summary of research already conducted on the topic and conveys historical context, trends, and how theory of the topic has impacted or been impacted by practice
Literature review
Indicates who the research participants were, what kind of data collection instruments were used, and how the research study was conducted
Methods
Sums up the main findings of the literature review and gives suggestions as to what future research should focus on
Conclusion
Researcher summarizes and tries to explain the obtained results, how the study fits into the larger literature, what the implications are, and what the next steps should be to continue advancing knowledge in the research area
Discussion
What are the steps of researching an article?
Skim the article Read the introduction Read the article Study the conclusion Evaluate the research article
An occupation whose members possess a unique body of knowledge and adds to that body of knowledge
Profession
Emerged in response to health care professionals efforts to be more conscientious and clear about the process of making clinical decisions for individual clients
Evidenced base practice
How is evidence obtained?
Review literature from research performed in the practice area, collect data
Increase accountability to colleagues and consumers
EBP response to change
Use materials beyond textbooks
EBP response to change
Improve technology and increase access to info electronically
EBP response to change
Systematic changes to sort volumes of info gathered
EBP response to change
Implement strategies that maximize time
EBP response to change
Name the three concepts of EBP/improved patient outcomes
Best research/clinical evidence
Clinical expertise
Patient values and expectations
How does one identify and define a practice related problem?
Formulate a question consistent with the problem, seek out and evaluate information that will help answer the question
Over the last 30 years, emerged in response to efforts in medicine and other disciplines to be more conscientious and clear about clinical care and decisions and outcomes
EBP
How does one perform EBP?
Careful, systematic, review of existing evidence
Name the challenges of EBP
Stay current with info and literature in profession.
Communicate findings with other therapists.
Use good judgement and critical evaluation of info and it’s quality.
Translating info into practice is not easy and requires creativity.
Name the EBP process
1- develop question related to concern 2- locate resources 3- critical appraisal of resources 4- evaluate & summarize findings 5- answer question using clinical experience, client input, & evidence 6- implement findings
The process of judging the quality of a piece of info and determining its applicability to practice
Critical appraisal
EBP level is a systematic review of well designed RCT, meta analysis, adequate sample size
Level 1
EBP level is non RCTs with a min of two groups, small sample size
Level II
EBP is non RCTs with at least one tx group, longitudinal studies, pre and post test, cohort, case studies
Level III
EBP level is evidence based on opinions of experts/ respected authorities, well designed non experimental studies, single subject design, may be descriptive studies, literary publications of expert panels
Level IV
EBP is expressed opinions of individuals who have written and reviewed guidelines based on their clinical or theoretical experience and/or knowledge
Level V
The asking of meaningful questions and finding of defensible answers in a systematic, disciplined, and ethical manner
Research
Name 3 types of research
Basic
Applied
Action
Objective is to discover new knowledge and to determine how things work or are made of.
Basic research
Objectives are to determine answers to practical problems or to test the findings of basic research under real world conditions.
Applied research
How is most research by OT performed?
Applied research
Objectives are to document and improve the quality of individual practice or the function of an organization in a specific setting.
Action research
This type of research is conducted by practitioners in their own work setting
Action research
Name the process of action research
Cyclical process of:
- Identifying problem
- Plan solution
- Act on plan
- Assess outcome
- Use outcomes to further refine problem
In action research, where is the data collected used?
In the setting in which the data was collected
Name the two classifications of research
Empirical research
Theoretical research
Research is knowledge based on information gained from experience or observation
Empirical research
Research generates new knowledge using cognitive processes to analyze and synthesize ideas and information from many sources
Theoretical research
Name the research that is most common and EBP based on
Empirical research
5 steps to providing evidenced based care EBC
1- ask- develop your answerable clinical question
2- acquire - determine the best evidence
3- appraise- critically evaluate the evidence for validity and usefulness
4- apply- use the results
5- assess- evaluate your performance
Reasoning starts with a theory or hypothesis and proceeds to test it under specific circumstances to see if it holds true
Deductive reasoning
Reasoning starts with specific observations and uses them as a basis for generalizations or constructing theories
Inductive reasoning
Pg. 5
Data collection & analysis
