Mental Health Study Guide Flashcards
Used by the ego to control impulses & organize actions in a way that leads to compromise among the id, the superego, & the demands of reality…
Defense mechanisms of theory of object relations / ego psychology
Defend against overwhelming anxiety & other uncomfortable feelings is a…
Defense mechanisms of theory of object relations / ego psychology
Name the developers of object relations / ego psychology.
- S. Freud
- Adler
- Sullivan
- Winnicott
Ability of the ego to resolve unconscious processes in such a way that the person can relate positively to other people & can take an interest in her/his non-human environment is…
Theory of Object relations / ego psychology
Breakdown of ego functions so that a person’s behavior is dominated by anxiety & unconscious processes is…
Mental illness / dysfunction according to the theory of object relations / ego psychology
Name the intervention process for the theory of object relations / ego psychology.
Bring unconscious conflicts to consciousness & make person aware of them.
What is the technique when using theory of object relations / ego psychology?
Analysis of symbols (e.g., dreams, activities)
Refusing to believe something that causes anxiety is…
Denial
Believing that an unacceptable feeling of one’s won belongs to someone else is…
Projection
Making excuses for unacceptable behavior of feelings is…
Rationalization
Conflicts turned into real physical symptoms is…
Conversion
Functioning at a more primitive developmental level than previously; going back to an immature pattern of behavior is…
Regression
Trying to reverse the effects of what one has done by doing the opposite is…
Undoing
Overestimating someone or valuing him or her more than the real personality & person seem to merit is…
Idealization
Adopting the habits or characteristics of another person is…
Identification
Unacceptable wishes channeled into socially acceptable activities is…
Sublimation
A realistic goal or object substituted for one that cannot be achieved is…
Substitution
Efforts to make up for personal deficits; this can also be a conscious effort represents…
Compensation
A mother plans for her child who is mentally retarded to be a doctor is an example of…
Denial
A self-isolating Pt in a work group says that other Pts will not talk to him is an example of…
Projection
A teenager says he didn’t do his homework because he didn’t have the right kind of paper is an example of…
Rationalization
A girl with poor coordination gets a migraine headache when it is time for volleyball is an example of…
Conversion
A 7-year-old child who is hospitalized for major surgery begins to walk on tiptoes & suck his thumb is an example of…
Regression
A Pt accuses the therapist of trying to run his life. Later he brings her flowers is an example of…
Undoing
A woman says that the group leader is the most handsome & kindest man in the world is an example of…
Idealization
A teenage girl begins to wear her hair just like her therapy does is an example of…
Identification
A child who wants to cut things up to see how they work grows up to become a surgeon is an example of…
Substitution
A woman, blind from birth, learns to travel without a cane or any other aid is an example of…
Compensation
Name the 6 contributors of the various versions developmental theory.
- Erikson
- Piaget
- Gesell
- Jung
- Levinson
- Kohlberg
The ability to master developmental tasks in stage-specific sequence represents which theory?
Developmental Theory
A discrepancy between a person’s behavior & the behavior expected of a person of that age; developmental lag represents…
Mental illness / dysfunction according to Developmental Theory
Placing a person in situations structured to encourage growth in the deficient area is the…
Intervention process for Developmental Theory
Name the techniques for Developmental Theory.
- Gradation of learning
- Problem solving
- Acquiring skills
- Matching situation to abilities & interests while providing the “just enough” challenge
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for basic trust v/s mistrust?
Birth - 18 months
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for autonomy v/s shame & doubt?
2-4 years
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for iniative versus guilt?
3-5 years
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for industry v/s inferiority?
6-12 years
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for identity v/s role confusion?
Adolescence
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for intimacy v/s isolation?
Young adult
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for generativity v/s stagnation?
Middle adulthood
Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for ego integrity v/s despair?
Old age
Name the 3 contributors for behavioral theory.
- Pavlov
- Skinner
- Lazarus
The ability to engage in adaptive or normal behavior is based upon…
Behavioral theory
Abnormal behavior that results because normal or adaptive behavior is not rewarded or does not have pleasurable consequences or because maladaptive behavior is reinforced represents…
Mental illness / dysfunction according to behavioral theory
Name the techniques for behavioral theory.
- Continuous reinforcement
- Intermittent reinforcement
- Shaping
- Backward chaining
- Forward chaining
Name step 1 in a behavioral tx program.
Identify the terminal behavior
Name step 2 in a behavioral tx program.
Determine the baseline by counting the frequency of the behavior
Name step 3 in a behavioral tx program.
Select a method of counting & recording the behavior
Name step 4 in a behavioral tx program.
Select a reinforcer that is meaninful to the patient
Name step 5 in a behavioral tx program.
Determine a schedule of reinforcement
Name the contributors to cognitive-behavioral therapy.
- Beck
- Ellis
- Bandura
Adaptive behavior results from what we think & believe represents…
Cognitive-behavioral theory
Maladaptive patterns of thinking lead to unsuccessful behaviors represents…
Mental / illness for Cognitive-behavioral theory
Helping the person understand & change negative thought patterns & beliefs represent the…
Intervention process for Cognitive-behavioral theory
Name the techniques of Cognitive-behavioral theory.
- Challenging & modifying negative, automatic thoughts & their underlying assumptions
- Identify behaviors, Investigate consequences
- Evaluate their effectiveness
- Systematic desensitization
- Cognitive rehearsal
- Self monitoring
- Reattribution
- Bibliotherapy
Name the contributors for client-centered therapy / humanistic theory.
- Rogers
- May
- Perls
- Maslow
- Yalom
- White
The ability to freely choose & act because one is aware of one’s feelings & the possible consequences of an action represents…
Client-centered therapy / humanistic theory
Acting in a confused, disorganized, or maladaptive way because one is unaware of feelings & available choices represents…
Mental illness / dysfunction according to client-centered therapy / humanistic theory
Engage the person in a therapeutic relationship which provides the person with unconditional positive regard from someone who is warm & empathetic so that the client’s self-perception changes represents the…
Intervention process for client-centered therapy / humanistic theory
Name the techniques for client-centered therapy / humanistic theory.
- Open invitation to talk
- Minimal response
- Reflection of feelings
- Paraphrasing
- Withholding judgment
Normal human functioning requires a brain that is anatomically normal, with neurophysiology & brain chemistry represents…
Neuroscientific theory
A defect in the brain’s anatomy or physiology represents…
Illness according to Neuroscientific theory
What is the intervention process for Neuroscientific theory?
- Tx must be directed at the brain itself
- Change abnormal somatic conditions through somatic interventions
What is the focus of psychiatric rehabilitation?
Help the person with mental illness function optimally in his/her life situation.
Name the intervention process for Neuroscientific theory.
- Develop rehabilitation diagnosis
- Develop overall rehabilitation goals
- Evaluate functional skills needed for anticipated living environment
- Assess available resources for community support
- Identify skill & resource strengths & deficits
- Formulate rehabilitation plan
- Enact rehabilitation plan
- Assess rehabilitation readiness
Name the intervention techniques for Neuroscientific theory.
- Developing functional skills
- Environmental modifications to maximize functional use of skills
Name the contributors for Neuroscientific theory.
- Anthony
- Farkas
Name the author of the development adaptive skills theory.
Mosey
The ability to receive, select, combine, & use information from the vestibular, tactile, & propioceptive senses to perform functional activities is…
Sensory integration
The ability to perceive, represent, & organize sensory information for thinking & problem solving is…
Cognitive
The ability to participate in a variety of relationships involving one other person is…
Dyadic interaction
The ability to participate successfully in a variety of groups as a productive & supportive member of the group is…
Group interaction
The ability to recognize one’s own assets & limitations also, ability to perceive oneself as worthwhile, self directed, consistent, & reliable is…
Self-identity
The ability to accept one’s sexual nature as natural & pleasurable also, ability to participate in a relatively long-term sexual relationship that considers the need for both partners is…
Sexual identity
The 6 areas of Mosey’s adaptive skills are:
- Sensory integration
- Cognitive
- Dyadic interaction
- Group interaction
- Self-identity
- Sexual identity
Who developed the role acquisition theory?
Mosey
Name the 3 purposes of role acquisition.
1- Help Pt acquire specific skills to function in occupational & social roles chosen
2- Help Pt develop awareness of what he/she does & why
3- Help Pt develop awareness of expectations of different environmental contexts
Name the contributors of Psychoeducation.
Lillie & Armstrong
Name the purpose of psychoeducation.
Improve the skills of Pt through use of an educational approach.
For the intervention process of psychoeducation, name the responsibilities of the OTP & Pt.
- OTP prepares a syllabus
- Client assumes student role
Helping the Pt learn interpersonal skills needed to relate to others effectively in a variety situations in order to help the Pt get what he needs &/or wants is…
Social skills training
Stating feelings & opinions, positive things about oneself, & one’s values & beliefs is…
Self-expressive
Giving compliments & encouragement, smiling, expressing interest, & giving support is known as…
Other-enhancing
Making requests, questioning another’s behavior, & setting limits on another’s aggressiveness is being…
Assertive
Controlling the tone & quality of one’s voice, articulating words clearly, & choosing the proper words for a situation is…
Communication
Name the 4 generic classifications of social skills training.
- Self-expressive
- Other-enhancing
- Assertive
- Communication
Identifying the behavior to be learned & explaining why it is important represents…
Motivation
Showing the Pt how the behavior is performed is…
Demonstration
Rehearsing the desired behavior by talking it through or by acting it out is…
Practice
Summarizing what the person has learned & focusing attention on what is to be learned next is…
Feedback
Name the phases/stages of a training session for Social skills training.
- Motivation
- Demonstration
- Practice
- Feedback
Name the contributors for sensory integration theory.
King & Ayres
To improve the reception & processing of sensory information within the central nervous system is the purpose of…
Sensory integration
What does sensory integration focus on?
- Balance
- Posture
- Increased ROM
- Spontaneity of movement
- Correction of abnormal adduction, flexion, & internal rotation
What are the preferred tx methods for sensory integration?
- Vestibular stimulation & gross motor exercises
- Tasks incorporating gross motor movements
- Pleasurable activities that do not require conscious attention to body movement
Name the contributors for the cognitive disabilities theory.
- Allen
- Blue
- Earhart
Name the 3 purposes of cognitive disabilities theory.
- Identify the cognitive level of functioning through evaluation.
- Monitor changes in cognitive level as a result of tx
- Adapt the environment to help the person compensate for or accommodate disability.
Level 1 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…
Automatic actions
Level 2 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…
Postural actions
Level 3 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…
Manual actions
Level 4 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…
Goal directed actions
Level 5 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…
Exploratory actions
Level 6 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…
Planned actions
Name the preferred tx methods for cognitive disabilities theory.
- Task modification
- Environmental modification
- Varying level of assistance & therapeutic approach for levels of disability incompatible w/ independent fucntioning
What is the purpose of classifying the various cognitive levels?
The 6 level system classifies the Pt’s ability to perform routine tasks needed for successful community adjustment.
Name the developers for the lifestyle performance theory.
Fidler & Velde
To define the quality of life & dimensions of wellness from the OT perspective represents the…
Lifestyle performance theory
The incorporation & support of opportunities for autonomy, individuality, affiliation, volition, consensual validation, predictability, self-efficacy, adventure, accommodation, & reflection describes…
Responsive environment for lifestyle performance theory
Name the pattern of activities for lifestyle configuration.
- Care for & maintain oneself
- Provide intrinsic gratification
- Contribute to society
- Incorporate reciprocal interpersonal relatedness
Specifically focuses on describing self care/ self maintenance skills, social / interpersonal skills, work / work related skills & leisure interests & skills represent…
Lifestyle performance theory
- To analyze & describe the development of occupational behavior
- consider roles of culture & environment in shaping occupation
- consider health maintaining & restoring aspects of activity
Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
Name the developers of the model of human occupation theory.
- Kielhofner
- Burke
- Barris
According to MOHO, are humans an open or closed & dynamic or stagnant system?
Open & dynamic system
According to MOHO, taking action is known as…
Output
According to MOHO, information available from the environment is known as…
Feedback
According to MOHO, actively taking in energy or information from the environment is known as…
Intake
According to MOHO, the process of turning environment intake & feedback into action is known as…
Throughput
Particular patterns that increase one’s capacity for continued engagement in the occupation is due to…
Self organizing nature of occupation
Name the 3 sub-systems of MOHO.
- Volition
- Habituation
- Performance capacity
Relates to what motivates the Pt to choose one occupation over another & the reason for doing so is known as…
Volition
Name the 3 subcategories of volition.
- Personal causation
- Values
- Interests
Belief in oneself; feelings of competence is…
Personal causation
Meaningfulness of activities thought to be good or morally right is…
Values
Tendency to find an occupation attractive & pleasurable is…
Interests
Relates to patterns & routines for performing activities throughout the day refers to…
Habituation
Routine or typical ways a Pt performs tasks are known as…
Habits
Positions or status a person has within a social group; includes a related cluster of obligations, expectations, attitudes, & actions…
Internalized roles
Relates to human capacities needed to organize information & take action…
Performance capacity
Capacities needed to convey one’s intentions & needs while coordinating social behavior needed to act in conjunction w/ other people is…
Communication / interacition skills
Capacities needed to move & interact w/ task, objects, & environments is…
Perceptual motor skills
Capacities that allow Pts to manage & modify actions during completion of ADLs is
Process skills
Name the environmental influences on occupational adaptation.
- Affordances
- Presses
Opportunities & resources within a range of possibilities are known as…
Affordances
Demands & constraints for specific performance expectations & behaviors are…
Presses
Affordances & presses may be part of the physical or social environments, or both?
Both
Clinical disorders and other conditions that may be focus of clinical attention (depression & anxiety disorders).
Axis 1
Personality disorders, mental retardation (borderline personality disorder & schizotypal personality disorder)
Axis 2
General medical disorders (psychological reactions)
Axis 3
Psychosocial & environmental problems
Axis 4
Global assessment of functioning (level of function & assessment)
Axis 5
Axis 1
- Depression
- Anxiety disorders
- Bipolar disorder
- ADHD
- Schizophrenia
Axis 2
- Borderline personality disorder
- Schizotypal personality disorder
- Antisocial personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality disorder
- Mild mental retardation
What physical problems may axis 3 represent?
May evoke psychological reactions
Axis 4
- Educational / occupational problems
- Housing problems
- Economic problems
- Problems w/ access to healthcare / legal system
