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Occupational Therapy Assistant > Mental Health Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Mental Health Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A state of being, relative rather than absolute; simultaneous success at working, loving, & creating with the capacity for mature flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience, important other people, & reality.

A

Early’s definition of Mental health

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2
Q

Defined in relation to changing life conditions & responding constructively & creatively to the changing demands & opportunities of real life.

A

Power point definition of mental health

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3
Q

A behavioral or psychological syndrome that causes significant distress, disability, or a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, or an important loss of freedom.

A

Mental disorder / illness

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4
Q

A manifestation of of some behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction in the person (maybe secondary to or due to a general medical condition)

A

Syndrome

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5
Q

Name 3 possible causes for mental disorder.

A
  • Behavioral
  • Psychological
  • Biological
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6
Q

What was early mental health OT tx originally based upon?

A

Moral tx methods

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7
Q

Name the 3 areas of the moral tx daily program.

A
  • Work
  • Rest
  • Leisure
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8
Q

In regards to mental illness, what did moral tx programs emphasize?

A
  • Formation of habits
  • Development of skills
  • Attention
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9
Q

Name the valued traits of the early OT.

A
  • Kindliness
  • Modeling of correct habits
  • Ability to analyze & adjust occupations to suit the interests & capacities of Pts
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10
Q

Name 2 factors that greatly restrain referrals for Mental health OT.

A
  • Physicians

- Psychiatry

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11
Q

Name the purpose for early tx methods such as water baths & confinement in wooden restraints.

A

Compel Pts to submit to the rules of the institutions in which they were housed.

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12
Q

In the 1940s what did the physicians focus their tx on for major mental disorders?

A

Change the brain by changing the biology of the body.

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13
Q

Name the 3 preferred treatments for major mental disorders of the 1940s.

A
  • Prefrontal lobotomy
  • Insulin shock tx
  • Electroconvulsive (shock) therapy (ECT)
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14
Q

Inducement of coma by lowering blood sugar with injections is known as…

A

Insulin shock tx

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15
Q

When were tranquilizers developed & introduced to mental health therapy?

A

1950s

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16
Q

What is the purpose of tranquilizers & treatment of the seriously mentally ill?

A

To control & diminish the psychotic symptoms & extreme behaviors so that occupational therapy & tx may be provided.

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17
Q

In what year did the Community Mental Health Act take passage?

A

1963

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18
Q

What is the Community Mental Health Act also known as?

A

Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act

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19
Q

To establish community-based tx facilities & to move the mentally ill from institutional setting to community living is the purpose of the…

A

Community Mental Health Act

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20
Q

In what year did the legislation for Medicaid & Medicare pass?

A

1965

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21
Q

With the enactment of Medicaid & Medicare, where was responsibility of the seriously mentally ill shifted to?

A

From the states to the federal government

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22
Q

The focus of tx programs to helping non-seriously mentally ill Pts occurred during what time period?

A

1960s & 1970s

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23
Q

Name the different therapies that were provided in the 1960s & 1970s.

A
  • Gestalt therapy
  • Milieu therapy
  • Behavioral therapy
  • Family therapy
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24
Q

Name the 2 factors that may cause mental illness.

A
  • Genetic predisposition

- Possibly viruses

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25
Q

Presently, what is psychiatry oriented toward?

A
  • Biological
  • Biochemical research
  • Pharmacological interventions
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26
Q

What are the 3 different imaging techniques used by Psychiatry?

A
  • Positron emission tomography (PET)
  • Computed tomography (CT)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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27
Q

Name the 2 interventions prevalent for persons with mental disorders.

A
  • Medications

- Psychiatric Rehabilitation

28
Q

What is the goal of psychiatric rehabilitation tx?

A

Helping persons with mental disorders to function at their best in the environments of their choice.

29
Q

When was the National Alliance on Mental Illness founded (NAMI)?

A

1979

30
Q

What does NAMI & similar organizations advocate?

A
  • Appropriate housing
  • Community care
  • Supported employmen
  • Peer support
  • Education
31
Q

What is mental health parity?

A

A proposed public policy that requires insurance companies to reimburse for mental health care to the same extent as for physical health care

32
Q

Emotions & psychological defenses are known as…

A

Psychodynamics

33
Q

Why did Gail & Jay Fidler begin to use activities to evaluate Pt’s psychodynamics?

A

Activities were analyzed & matched symbolically to psychic content to meet Pt’s unconscious needs.

34
Q

After WW2, interest in rehabilitating veterans led to an emphasis in what 2 things?

A
  • Workmanship

- Vocational readiness

35
Q

In response to criticism of not having a scientific basis, from what theory did OT adopt its vocabulary & concepts?

A

Psychoanalysis

36
Q

When did behavioral therapy start being used in OT for the mentally ill?

A

1960s & 1970s

37
Q

Name the techniques used to diminish acting out & to promote healthy behavior with the mentally ill & mentally retarded.

A

Behavioral therapy

38
Q

How did therapists believe they could improve their Pt’s functioning through behavioral therapy?

A

Reinforcing desired behavior through carefully selected rewards & by enforcing limits on undesirable behavior.

39
Q

Who is responsible for applying sensory integration theory & methods to Pts with chronic psychiatric disorders during the 1970s?

A

Lorna Jean King

40
Q

Who developed the sensory integration theory?

A

A. Jean Ayres

41
Q

At present day, what type of mental disorders may sensory integration be used for?

A

Behavioral disorders

42
Q

Why did Lorna Jean King use sensory integration theory for chronic Psychiatric disorders?

A

She proposed that poor functioning & grossly abnormal posture in chronic schizophrenia could be attributed to errors in sensory processing.

43
Q

Who developed cognitive disabilities theory in the 1980s?

A

Claudia Allen

44
Q

A person’s performance in a task indicates the quality of his or her thought is the basis for what theory?

A

Cognitive disabilities theory

45
Q

How many cognitive levels are there in the cognitive disabilities theory?

A

6

46
Q

What may contribute to the psychiatric diagnosis & be used to predict future functioning & to identify the interventions most likely to be effective?

A

Diagnosis of cognitive level

47
Q

What attribute the problems in functioning to defects of the structure or function of the nervous system in Pts with severe & persistent mental illness?

A
  • Sensory integration

- Cognitive disabilities

48
Q

In order to function, if the Pt’s defects cannot be remediated, it must be…

A

Compensated

49
Q

Lorna Jean King’s therapeutic approach is considered more remedial or compensatory?

A

Remedial

50
Q

Claudia Allen’s therapeutic approach is considered more remedial or compensatory?

A

Compensatory

51
Q

Kielhofner & Burke developed what theory?

A

Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)

52
Q

Human response to the environment is formed from an interaction among what 3 systems?

A
  • Volition (motivation)
  • Habituation (roles & habits)
  • Performance (skills of the mind, brain, & body)
53
Q

Human response to the environment is formed from an interaction among volition, habituation, & performance is…

A

Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)

54
Q

Name the purpose of the cognitive behavioral approach.

A

Investigates the feelings & thoughts that drive behavior.

55
Q

When applying cognitive behavioral approach, what is the Pt taught to do?

A
  • Taught to challenge erroneous ideas & prove them false

- Change the erroneous behavior

56
Q

Understanding the occupational nature of humans, the nature of occupation & its effectiveness of OT is…

A

Occupational Science

57
Q

Who is responsible for developing Occupational Science

A

Florence Clark

58
Q

Name the person responsible for the development of sensory processing, an evaluation instrument to help identify sensory sensitivities & differences & strategies to compensate for these.

A

Catana Brown

59
Q

How does sensory processing affect Pts with serious mental disorders?

A
  • May be acutely sensitive to environmental factors (noise or odor)
  • May be very insensitive & unaware of sensations from the environment
60
Q

If a Pt is insensitive & unaware of sensations from the environment, how may they be affected?

A

The Pt may miss cues from other people.

61
Q

The telling of a personal story & the appreciation of this story by the therapist are the focus of…

A

Narrative reasoning

62
Q

This law mandates that qualified persons not be excluded from employment & work activities due to physical or mental impairments.

A

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

63
Q

Name the causes of decreased hospital-based OT practice.

A
  • Decreased length of stay
  • Staff shortages
  • Reduced reimbursement
64
Q

Name the greatest challenges for OT?

A
  • Maintain professional visibility
  • Claim its unique expertise in occupation
  • Make Pts, insurance companies, & federal agencies aware of its ability to address the problems of the mentally ill
65
Q

What is NBCOT?

A

National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy

66
Q

Name the 3 levels of OTA.

A
  • Generalist
  • Skilled clinician
  • Master clinician

Occupational Therapy Assistant (30 decks)

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