F&A II Ch. 6,8, 9,22, 30 Terminologies Flashcards
The ability to regulate or direct movement is…
Motor control
Movement is a function of interactions among the neuromuscular system, environment, cognition, & task is…
Dynamical systems theory
Automatic, involuntary (nonintentional) movements that together provide stability & mobility during activity is…
Postural mechanisms
Tonus in the neck, trunk, & limbs is…
Postural Tone
Continuous state of mild contraction, or state of readiness of a specific muscle is…
Muscle Tone
Also called flaccidity, a decrease in muscle tone is…
Hypotonicity
Also called spasticity, an increase in muscle tone is…
Hypertonicity
Increase in muscle tone in the agonist & antagonist muscles simultaneously is…
Rigidity
Involuntary, innate motor responses elicited by specific sensory stimuli are…
Primitive reflexes
The reflex of extending the arms (such as when off balance or falling) is…
Protective extension reaction
Maintaining or restoring the normal position of the head in space (eyes parallel to the horizon) & its normal relationship with the trunk & limbs are…
Righting reactions
Maintain & restore balance in all activities are…
Equilibrium reactions
Multisensory integration organizes input coming from multiple modalities, such as propioception, vision, auditory system, tactile, olfactory, vestibular system, interoception, or taste is…
Sensory Processing
The ability to control movement at each joint is…
Selective movement
A model of progressive changes in motor function & behavior during the motor recovery process is recognized in…
Brunnstrom’s stages of motor recovery
Consists of facilitation (increasing muscle tone) or inhibition (decreasing muscle tone) techniques to normalize muscle tone to engage in typical movement patterns by providing cueing techniques at key points of control is…
Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)
The harmonious interaction of muscles throughout the limb that allows for the production of accurate controlled movement.
Coordination
Lesions of various nerve systems can result in the…
Occurence of incoordination
Extent, measured in degrees of a circle, to which movement can occur at a joint is…
Range of motion
The arc of motion through which the joint passes when moved by an outside force is…
Passive range of motion
Measuring the maximal contraction of a muscle or muscle group is the…
Manual muscle test
The muscle’s ability to work for prolonged periods & resist fatigue is…
Muscle endurance
Detecting muscle activity by placing the fingers over the muscle is…
Palpation
Over development of muscle is…
Hypertrophy
Wasting away of the muscle is…
Atrophy
Any force that retards or opposes motion is…
Resistance
Reduction of resistance to muscle power by eliminating the effect of gravity is…
Gravity eliminated
A muscle or muscle group attempting to compensate for the function of a weaker muscle to accomplish the desired movement is…
Substitution
The evaluated maximal strength level for a given ROM from a manual muscle test for a given muscle are represented as…
Muscle grades
Resistance applied distally to joint after completing available ROM to break the muscle contraction is known as the…
Break test
Primary means of learning about the external world.
Sensation
The return of information about the result of a process or activity.
Feedback
The ability to detect temperatures related to hot & cold is…
Thermal
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
Pain
The sense of smell is conveyed by receptors that lie deep in the nasal cavity.
Olfactory
Taste receptor cells are located in the taste buds of tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis, and esophagus.
Gustatory
Unconscious information about joint position and motion that arises from receptors in the muscles, joint, ligaments, and bone is…
Proprioception
The mechanism by which the brain recognizes and interprets sensory information received from the environment is…
Perception
The ability to identify an object through proprioception, cognition, and the sense of touch is…
Stereognosis
The inability to recognize objects by touch is…
Astereognosis
Ability to recognize numbers, letters, or forms written on the skin.
Graphesthesia
The inability to recognize numbers, letters, or figures written on the skin is
Agraphesthesia
An awareness of body parts and the position of the body and its parts in relation to themselves and the environment is…
Body scheme
Diminished awareness and recognition of a body structure or part and cannot determine the body’s part relationship to the rest of his/her body is…
Asomatognosia
Ability to plan and perform purposeful movement.
Praxis
A deficit in the ability to perform purposeful movement despite normal motor power, sensation, coordination, and general comprehension is…
Apraxia
Inability to perform a motor act on command, despite the ability to perform the act automatically.
Ideomotor apraxia
Deficit in the ability to copy, draw, organize, assemble, or construct a design or parts whether on command or spontaneously is…
Constructional apraxia
Inability to plan and perform the motor acts necessary to dress oneself.
Dressing apraxia
Mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgement is…
Cognition
Ongoing awareness of the current situation, the environment, and the passage of time is…
Orientation
Active process that allows the individual to focus on the environment information & sensations relevant at a particular time is…
Attention
Cognitive function that allows a person to retain & recall information is…
Memory
Higher-order reasoning & planning functions such as goal formation, planning, implementing the plan, & effective performance is…
Executive functioning
To see relationships among objects, events, or ideas; to discriminate relevant from irrelevant detail; or to recognize absurdities is…
Abstract thinking
Thinking only in a literal manner is…
Concrete thinking
Process that requires attention, memory, planning, organization, & the ability to reason & make judgments is…
Problem solving
The ability to process complex information in order to plan strategies & to evaluate established strategies is…
Reasoning
The act, outcome, or capacity to discern the inward or true nature of a situation, nature of things, or of perceiving in an intuitive manner is…
Insight
The inability to perform simple calculations is…
Dyscalculia
Both the primary senses (tactile, deep pressure, pain, propioception, kinesthesia) & the cortical senses (2 point discrimination, stereognosis) make up…
Somatosensory
Vision, hearing, smell, taste, & balance make up the…
Special sensory systems
Reception of sensory information through the visual receptors is…
Vision
Process by which information from vision receptors is integrated by the brain is…
Visual perception
Interaction between the optical system, which focuses light at the back of the eye on the retina, and the CNS processing, which transforms that light into the visual images seen is…
Visual acuity
The process by which the eye muscles control eye movements is…
Oculomotor control
The space or range within which objects are visible to the immobile eyes at a given time is…
Visual field
Fixating the gaze on an image for as long as required & shifting to other objects as needed is…
Visual attention
Shifting attention from one vision target to another in smooth succession so that the image may be seen clearly no matter how much the eye moves is…
Visual scanning
The ability to identify the important features of objects & the environment & to use these features to distinguish an object from its surroundings is…
Pattern recognition
The ability of the brain to generate an accurate representation of an object via accurate pattern recognition is…
Visual memory
The highest skill & the ability to manipulate visual information mentally, understand the mental image, & integrate it with other sensory information is…
Visual cognition
A gradual, painless loss of vision, as if the person is seeing through plastic wrap describes…
Cataracts
A condition in which the cells of the macula lutea degenerate, resulting in blurred vision and ultimately blindness is…
Macular degeneration
Loss of vision caused by damage to the optic nerve, usually from increase pressure in the eye is…
Glaucoma
Affects both eyes and is caused by dilation and leakage of blood from retinal vessels or the growth of abnormal blood vessels on the retina describes…
Diabetic Retinopathy
A condition in which the cells of the macula lutea degenerate, resulting in blurred vision and ultimately blindness that is age-related is…
Age-related macular degeneration
Visual field loss on the same side of both eyes, while respecting the vertical midline is…
Homonymous hemianopsia
The act of noting & recording something is…
Observation
AROM measurements including extension & flexion
of one body part is…
Total active ROM (TAM)
PROM measurements including extension & flexion of one body part is…
Total passive ROM (TPM)
The collection of water & electrolytes in the tissues is…
Edema
The ability of the hand to function, explore, & interact with the environment depends on…
Sensibility
Sweating, pain, & temperature discrimination represent…
Sympathetic function
A textured elastic wrap that may be used to reduce edema is…
Coban
The employment of short periods of contact with dowel textures, immersion or contact particles, & vibration is…
Sensory desensitization
Tool for progressive resistive exercise that uses a variety of handle shapes attached to rods with suspended weights that is turned against resistance throughout ROM is a…
Weight well
6” wide rubber sheet available by the yard & color coded is known as a…
Theraband
Tendons are kept in a shortened position through splinting or casting is based upon what approach?
Immobilization approach
Extensor tendons held in extension by dynamic, gentle rubber band traction, allowance of finger flexion, thereby passively moving the repaired extensor tendons is known as…
Early passive motion
With exception of a Zone 1 injury, allowance of the to tendon to actively move 3 days after surgery falls within the…
Early active program
Neurapraxia, axonotmesis, & neurotmesis are 3 categories that make up…
Peripheral nerve injuries
Soft tissue shortening around a joint is a…
Contracture
A broken bone is known as a…
Fracture
Painful disorder that occurs in the upper or lower extremity after injury or immobilization is known as…
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Types 1
Injuries or disorders of muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, or spinal disks associated with risk factors at the workplace is known as…
Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs)
Programs that emphasize a variety of stimuli used in a repetitive manner to bombard the sensory receptors is…
Sensory reeducation
Contusion or bruise of the nerve is…
Neurapraxia
Nerve fibers distal to the site of the injury degenerate, but the internal organization of the nerve remains intact is…
Axonotmesis
Complete laceration of the nerve is…
Neurotmesis
Painful disorder that occurs in the upper or lower extremity due to a diagnosed nerve injury or immobilization is known as…
Complex regional pain syndrome Type 2
CRPS is…
Complex regional pain syndrome
