osteoporosis Flashcards
what
reduction in bone density
= bone less strong and more prone to #
osteopenia
less severe reduction in bone density
risk factors
older age female reduced mobility low BMI alcohol and smoking RA long term corticosteroids SSRIs, PPIs, anti-oestrogens
key group to consider osteoporosis in
post-menopausal women
oestrogen is protective against osteoporosis and unless theyre on HRT they have less oestrogen
FRAX tool
gives risk of fragility fracture over next 10 years
gives results as percentage of 10yrs probabiloty of a
- major osteoporotic fracture
- hip fracture
bone mineral density
measured using DEXA scan
DEXA scan
dual-energy xray absorptiometry
measure how much radiation is absorbed by bones ie how dense they are
bone mineral density: Z score
represents no. of standard deviations the pt BMD falls below mean for their age
bone mineral density: T score
No. of standard deviations below mean for healthy young adult their BMD is
bone mineral density: most important clinical outcome
T score of persons hip
basis for WHO classification of level of osteoporosis
WHO classification T score at hip: > -1
BMD is normal
WHO classification T score at hip: -1 to -2.5
osteopenia
WHO classification T score at hip: < -2.5
osteoporosis
WHO classification T score at hip: < -2.5 plus a fracture
severe osteoporosis
first step in assessing osteoporosis
FRAX assessment
