ortho spine

Question 1

what is the axial load on the spine?

Answer 1

gravity

Question 2

what mechanics are on the annulus

Answer 2

tensile stress (TI collagen)

Question 3

what mechanics are on the pulposis

Answer 3

compressive strength, (TII collagen)

Question 4

what position is the highest pressure on the spine?

Answer 4

sitting, leaning forward

Question 5

facet innervation

Answer 5

dorsal medial branch

Question 6

annulus inervation

Answer 6

recurrent meningeal nerve

Question 7

lateral vs paracentral herniation

Answer 7

lateral- superior nerve, paracentral, inferior nerver

Question 8

herniation treatment

Answer 8

usually improves on its own, MRI if not or neuro symptoms. surgery if unstable or caudal equina

Question 9

Clauda equina

Answer 9

severe canal stenosis, saddle anesthesia, bladder/bowel incontinance

Question 10

neuro claudication

Answer 10

postural, walking/standing worse, normal pulse, bike is fine

Question 11

vascular

Answer 11

standing is better, abnormal pulse, bike worse

Question 12

red flags with back pain

Answer 12

constitutional changes, cancer, infection, bowel/bladder symptoms, near issues, trauma

Question 13

L1/L2 myotome

Answer 13

hip flexion

Question 14

L3/4 myotome

Answer 14

knee extention

Question 15

l4 myotome

Answer 15

ankle dorsiflexion (tib. ant)

Question 16

L5 myotome

Answer 16

great toe extension (EHL)

Question 17

S1 myotome

Answer 17

ankle plantar flexion (gastroc)

Question 18

s2 myotome

Answer 18

knee flexion (hamstrings)

Question 19

s2/3/4 myotome

Answer 19

anal sphincter