Joint pathology Flashcards
key components of diarthroidal joint
joint space, synovium, cartilage
synovium key features
A and B cells, no BM, vasculature (can swell!) fluid with ultradfluid, plasma, HA
Pathology examples (7)
OA, RA, AVASCULAR necrosis, gout, pseudo gout, septic arthritis, tumor like issues
OA
degenerative joint disease, loss of cartilage.
OA imaging
asymmetric joint space, cyst, sclerosis (stiff)
chondrocytes in OA produce what
IL1 and TNFa> type II collagen and metaloproteases
Avascular necrosis
bone infarct>ischemia. idiopathic, fracture, corticosteroids, vessel injury. Often subchondral areas because less circulation
RA
chronic, systemic inflammation, genetics/autoimmune. proliferative synovitis
proliferative synovitis
plasma/lymphocytes>reactive germinal center, panes, decreased articular cartilage, joint fusion, extra cell nodules, immune complexes
Gout
articular deposits of URATE crystals, triggers cytokines and cartilage destruction. crystals lead to arthritis 90% primary
secondary gout causes
increased NA turnover (leuk), renal disease.
Pseudogout
calcium pyrophosphate deposites in articularmatrix, menisci, intervertebral disks
septic arthtitis
infection! often s. aures if not v young, TB and lyme also possible and tricky
septic arthritis sources
hematogenous, osteomyelitis, soft tissue, direct inocculation
TB septic arthtitis
Potts, psoas major abscess.
Tumor like ! (5)
ganglion cyst, synovial cyst, giant cell, pigmented villonodular synovitis, synovial chondromatisis.
ganglion cyst
soft tissue, reactive to CT damage, joint capsule.tendon. no synovial lining
synovial cyst,
synovium herniation. trauma. ex) bakers
giant cell
neoplastic, tendon sheath, 30% recurring, genetic 1p13 translocation
pigmented villonodular synovitis
intra articular, knee, hip ankle. recurring. bleed
synovial chondromatisis.
metaplastic, tendon sheath, knee, male, recurring
