Ortho seminar 17/07/2019 Flashcards
How does growth get affected by timing?
Growth follows a consistent pattern with timing as the difference between individuals. People who mature later tend to grow more because area under the curve is larger.
What we need to know about patterns of growth:
Velocity curves for: Gender and age graphs need to be known.
Discuss the concepts f pattern and growth as exemplified in the changing proportions of the body.
Cephalocaudal gradient. (body set to prioritize the structures that are higher up in the body)
Describe the path of development of lymphoid, neural and sexual tissues. (scammon’s curve)
Discuss the concept of developmental tracks or paths when presented with phyiscal growth information plotted on a growth chart list the probabilities of further development along any given track
Discuss the effect of timing on growth as reflected in various types of ages based on chronological ages
Describe the guidelines for distinguishing between extreme normal variation and pathological deviation (percentile crossing)
Discuss methods for studying physical growth differentiating descriptive from experimental approaches and longitudinal from cross-sectional studies
Part B:
Describe the cellular processes involved in physical growth and describe the differences in soft tissue and hard tissue growth
Describe the frowth of the calvarium in three planes of space and cranial base identifying the sites and mode of growth.
Describe the growth of the maxilla and nasal septum in 3 planes of space starting the sutures involved identify the chief sites of growth the role of surface remodeling and the effect of secondary displacement.
Describe the basic processes involved in the growth of the mandible in 3 places of space identify the chief sites of growth and discuss the activities of each area.
Describe growth of the dental arches in 3 planes of space and identify the chief sites of growth
Part 3:
Identify the 3 major theories of craniofacial skeletal growth and briefly describe
Distraction osteogenesis
Describe mechanism of growth for cranium cranial base maxilla and mandible
What kind of curve is the general S curve?
General S curve is a distance curve.
What kind of curve is the neural scammon curve?
It is a plateauing curve which rises until a point then becomes flat.
WHat kind of curve do the maxillary and mandibular curves follow?
Maxillary and mandibular follow the General S curve more than the neural curve.
How does the lymphoid curve change over time?
Lymphoid curve grows really fast and peaks at 10 years then shrinks afterwards
How does the genital curve grow over time?
Starts off with a high baseline and at puberty increases significantly
What does menarche indicate?
Menarche indicates a pass of the peak of growth. What we are unsure is how far from the peak we are.
What happens to growth if stress that causes crossing of percentiles is removed?
If stress is removed the percentile change can return to normal
How does growth take place?
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
ECM secretion (Calcification leads to distinction between soft and hard tissue)
How does the calvarium and the cranial base grow?
Mostly through endochondral ossification of suture joints.
How does the calvarium and the cranial base grow?
Mostly through endochondral ossification of suture joints.
On the side there is some intramembranous ossification.
How does the maxilla grow?
Nasal floor resorbed and palatal floor deposits bone.It widens by the midpalatal suture to make it transverse.
Everything in the maxilla is by primary displacement via intramembranous ossification
How does the mandible grow?
Mandible grows mainly by intramembranous ossification but has some instances of endochondral ossification
Downward and forward apposition and apposition on chin. Anterior side of the ramus is resorption. Resorbs on the side of the 3rd molar which means there will be no space for the 3rd molar if there isn’t already.
What are the methods of skeletal growth?
Bone primary: Sicher-Sutures
Cartilage Primary: Scott-Cartilagenous nasal septum
Soft tissue matrix primary: Moss-Functional matrix
