Anatomy of the periodontium Flashcards
What are the structures found around the tooth?
Gingiva
Periodontal Ligament
Alveolar Bone Proper
Root Cementum
Alveolar Bone
Where is the oral mucosa located?
It is continuous with the skin of the lips, soft palate, and pharynx and covers the entire mouth.
What does the masticatory mucosa cover?
The hard palate and the gingiva.
Surround the tooth
What does the specialized mucosa cover?
Dorsum of the tongue
What does the lining mucosa cover?
Remaining apical and attached gingiva
What does the masticatory mucosa look like?
Surrounds the tooth
Coral pink
Ends in the free gingival margin
Has a scalloped outline
It is continuous with the dark mucosa
Mucogingival line
Covers free and attached gingiva
What does the gingiva consist of macroscopically?
Gingival margin
Oral sulcus
Oral epithelium
Oral sulcular epithelium
JE
CEJ
Connective Tissue
Alveolar Bone
What are the histological features of the gingival microscopic anatomy?
Connective tissue
Connective tissue papillae
Epithelial ridges rete pegs
in 40% of cases there is stippling of the surface.
These structures are not in the JE
What does the oral epithelium consist of?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium;
Basal layer
Spinosum or prickle cell layer
Granular layer
Keratinized layer
Absence of cells orthokeratin
Gingiva may have cells that are parakeratinized
Other cells found such as melanocytes, langerhans cells defenses, Merkel’s cells sensory function, inflammatory cell defense
Where is the sulcular epithelium located?
Lining the gingival sulcus
Base of sulcus JE
What does the sulcular epithelium look like on histology?
Multilayer
Parakeratinized
Rete pegs connective
Defence against microorganisms
What is the free gingival groove?
The groove between the attached and free gingiva
What is the MucoGingival Junction?
The junction between the attached mucosa and the alveolar mucosa
Which part of the gingiva is keratinized?
The marginal gingiva
How can saliva be antimicrobial?
Antimicrobial effects of saliva are achieved by swallowing saliva with bacteria in it. this kills the bacteria but also stimulates IgA production by activating gut lymphocytes increasing further the ability of saliva to attach bacteria for swallowing.
Saliva has a peroxidase system which kills bacteria in saliva this doesn’t affect plaque
Lysozyme weakens wall of gram positive bacteria no protective effect on plaque
Lactoferrin binds iron important for bacterial growth limited effect on plaque.
