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DMD2 sem 2 > Occlusion > Flashcards

Occlusion Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of dental treatments can affect occlusion?

A

Tooth restoration

Tooth movement

Tooth adjustment

Tooth removal

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2
Q

What kind of occlusal issues can patients commonly present with?

A

Tooth wear (attrition, erosion, abrasion, or abfraction)

Overloading

Fractured cusp or restoration

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3
Q

What is the significance of poor occlusion?

A

Limited evidence suggests that a change in occlusion will precipitate morphological changes in the TMJ

Most likely adaptation occur in teeth and their supporting structures (tooth wear, movement, and fracture)

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4
Q

What causes attrition of incisors?

A

Possible causes include:

Lack of posterior tooth support

Abrasive restorative material

Bruxism

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5
Q

What are the features of generalized attrition?

A

Severe wear, fractured teeth and elongated alveolar processes

Dentoalveolar compensation: Limits vertical space for dental restoration

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6
Q

What are splayed teeth?

A

Outward projection of anterior teeth

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7
Q

What are possible causes of splayed teeth?

A

Loss of posterior teeth

In conjunction with periodontal problems (Reduced PDL supports)

Soreness of anterior teeth precede tooth movement

Over contouring of palatal surface of maxillary incisors or incisal/labial surfaces of mandibular incisors

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8
Q

What causes pain on biting?

A

Compression of the periodontal ligament. This can be caused by premature occlusal contacts or occlusal interferences

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9
Q

What causes sensitive teeth?

A

Could result from occlusal overload. (could be after a poorly finished restoration causing occlusal interferences)

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10
Q

What occlusal issues can cause hypermobility?

A

After poorly finished restoration causing occlusal interferences

All mobile teeth should be assessed to rule out deflective contacts or occlusal overload as a factor in the cause of the mobility

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11
Q

What does a fractured cusp eventually cause?

A

Fracture lines routinely develop when a cusp is loaded with heavy occlusal forces

Can precede split tooth

Results in symptoms of cracked tooth syndrome

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12
Q

What are the potential outcomes of poor occlusion?

A

Incisal wear (attrition)

General attrition

Splayed teeth

Sore teeth (biting sensitivity)

Sensitive teeth (hypersensitivity caused by occlusal overload)

Hypermobility

Fractured cusp

Painful musculature

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13
Q

What causes painful musculature as a result of poor occlusion?

A

Deflective occlusal interferences that cause jaw joints to displace

Unbalanced muscle contraction

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14
Q

What is occlusion?

A

Contacts between teeth

The relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibular teeth or tooth analogues

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15
Q

What are the components of the masticatory system?

A

Teeth

Periodontal tissues

Articulatory apparatus: Consists of TMJs, Masticatory muscles, and dental occlusion

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16
Q

What does the articulatory apparatus dictate?

A

Mandibular position and movements

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17
Q

What is the function of each component of the articulatory apparatus?

A

TMJ: Guiding system

Dental occlusion: Guiding system

Masticatory muscle: Moving system

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18
Q

What are the components of the TMJ?

A

Condyle head

Articular disc

Glenoid fossa

Provides guidance to the mandible during movement

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19
Q

What are the types of motion that the TMJ can undergo?

A

Hinge movement: Rotation around the intracondylar axis within the glenoid fossa and this provides <2cm of movement.

Translational movement: Gliding against the articular eminence of >2cm

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20
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

Primarily elevates the mandible, secondarily protrudes the mandible

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21
Q

What is the function of the temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts the mandible

22
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Protrudes the mandible. Laterla movements. Depression

23
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Primarily elevates the mandible, secondarily protrusion and lateral movements

24
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid and digastric

25
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

26
Q

What are the TMJ movements that lead to protrusive movements?

A

Both condyles are in similar gliding motion

27
Q

What are the TMJ motions responsible for lateral movement?

A

Working side: Rotational movement around the vertical axis without leaving the glenoid fossa

Non - working side: Gliding against the articular eminence forwards downwards and medially

28
Q

What is the angle of downward movement during lateral excursion called?

A

The condylar angle

29
Q

What is the angle of medial movement during lateral excursion called?

A

The bennet angle

30
Q

What is the bennett side shift?

A

The side movement of the body of the mandible on the working side in the horizontal direction

31
Q

What is the difference between static and dynamic occlusion?

A

Centric occlusion or maximal intercuspation in static. Protrusion in dynamic

Centric relation / freedom in centric whereas there is lateral occlusion guidance in dynamic

32
Q

What controls lateral occlusion guidance in dynamic occlusion?

A

Canine guided

Group function

Balanced occlusion

33
Q

What is centric relation in static occlusion?

A

Maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective discs with the complex in the anterior-superior position against the shapes of the articular eminencies

The position is independent of tooth contact and reproducible

34
Q

What is the maximum intercuspation position?

A

the complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of condylar position:

Bite of convenience

Habitual bite (position)

35
Q

What is centric occlusion?

A

If the MIP coincides with CR then this is called centric occlusion.

36
Q

How common is centric occlusion?

A

In 90% of the population there is a lack of coincidence of MIP with CR

37
Q

When is freedom in centric said to occur? When is it not said to occur?

A

Freedom in centric occlusion occurs when the mandible is able to move anteriorly for a short distance in the same horizontal and sagittal plane while maintaining tooth contact

Alternatively there will be no freedom in centric occlusion if either front teeth or the posterior occlusion do not allow this horizontal movement

38
Q

What is dynamic occlusion?

A

Refers to occlusal contacts that can be made whilst the mandible is moving relative to the maxilla.

39
Q

What are the criteria for ideal occlusion?

A

Mandibular stability: Contact of inferior and superior teeth must stabilize the mandible in centric position.

Axial load: Occlusal load should be parallel to the long axis of the tooth (load distributed evenly throughout the PDL)

During lateral excursions of the mandible there is no interference in the working side.

During lateral excursions of the mandible there is no disocclusion in the non-working side.

During protrusion there is disocclusion of the posterior teeth.

40
Q

What are the types of guidance?

A

Canine guided occlusion (dentate)

Group function (total or partial) (dentate)

Balanced occlusion (bilaterally balanced occlusion) (Edentate)

41
Q

What is canine guided occlusion?

A

A form of articulation in which the vertical and horizontal overlap of the canine teeth disengage the posterior teeth in the excursive movements of the mandible. (i.e if mandible is moving laterally both canines can touch the whole way through the motion even when posterior teeth have disconnected)

Complete disclusion of posterior teeth during lateral movement

42
Q

When is using canine guidance for occlusion not indicated?

A

Not indicated for teeth that are compromised endodontically or periodontically

43
Q

What is group function occlusion?

A

Distribution of lateral forces to a group of teeth

Multiple contact relations between the maxillary and mandibular teeth in lateral movements on the working side whereby simultaneous contact of several teeth acts as a group to distribute occlusal forces

44
Q

What contacts are seen on lateral movements

A

On lateral movements, the contacts are on the buccal cusps of the working side

The non-working side has no contacts

45
Q

What are the types of interferences that can arise?

A

Working and/or non-working side interferences

46
Q

Why should interferences be eliminated?

A

Excessive horizontal and oblique forces will be applied on the restoration or natural teeth causing damage

47
Q

What is balanced occlusion?

A

Bilateral, simultaneous, anterior and posterior occlusal contact of teeth in centric and eccentric positions

At least 3 contact points: 2 posterior and 1 anterior

48
Q

What is balanced occlusion needed for?

A

Useful for complete denture cases to prevent tipping of the denture

Cross arch balanced occlusion is not indicated for natural dentition

49
Q

What happens during protrusion in ideal occlusion?

A

Protrusive or anterior guidance causes disocclusion of posterior teeth

50
Q

What is mutually protected articulation?

A

An occlusal scheme in which the posterior teeth prevent excessive contact of the anterior teeth in maximum intercuspation and anterior teeth disengage the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movements

DMD2 sem 2 (97 decks)

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