Organization of the Human Body Flashcards
Define tissue, organ and system.
Tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function. An organ is formed by groups of tissue working together to perform specific functions. A system is a collection of organs and other body parts that work together to carry out one of the body’s major functions.
Distinguish different types of tissue.
Epithellial (covers external and internal structures that form glands)
Connective (provides structure and support to body and helps hold organs in place)
Muscle (Contracts to allow body to move)
Nervous (Carries messages to direct activities)
Identify organs
Brain, Liver, Lungs, Intestines, Heart, Kidney
Organize levels of body’s structure
Molecules, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Organ System, Organism
Examples of major body functions
Integumentary, Skeletal, Digestive, Muscular, Cardiovascular, Urinary, Nervous, Lymphatic, Endocrine, Sensory, Respiratory, Reproductive
Define Anatomy
Study of body structure (dissection)
Define Physiology
Study of body function
Define Pathology
Study of disease
Body System that helps with protection, support and movement
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular
Body System that helps with coordination and control
Nervous, Endocrine
Body System that helps with circulation and immunity
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic
Body System that helps with energy supply and fluid balance
Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary
Body System that helps with offspring
Reproductive
Function and components of Integumentary System
Protection, sensory perception, temperature regulation (skin, sweat glands, hair, nails)
Function and components of Skeletal System
Support, protection, movement (bones, joints)
Function and components of Muscular System
Movement, support, protection, generation of heat (skeletal muscle)
Function and components of Nervous System
Sensory perception, coordination and control of responses, memory, language skills (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
Function and components of Endocrine System
Secretion of hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, behavior, reproduction (endocrine glands)
Function and components of Cardiovascular System
Supply of oxygen to tissues and removal of waste (heart, blood vessels)
Function and components of Lymphatic System
Aid in circulation, immunity and transport of digested fats (lymphatic vessels, nodes)
Function and components of Respiratory System
Ventilation of lungs and exchanges for oxygen carbon dioxide (lungs, breathing passages)
Function and components of Digestive System
Food intake, absorption of nutrients into the circulation (stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas)
Function and components of Urinary System
Elimination of soluble waste materials and water (kidneys, bladder, urethra)
Function and components of Reproductive System
Production of offspring (sex glands, sperm, ovaries)
Define Homeostasis and an example
A self-regulating process that maintains internal stability in the body, regulating variables such as body temp, volume of fluids, blood pressure, etc.
Components of Negative Feedback
Sensor (measures the level of variable
Control Center (compares sensor inputs with set point
Effectors (increases/decreases activity to alter the level of regulated variable
Example of Negative Feedback
The way a thermostat functions to regulate the set temperature in a room. Room temp falls below set temp, thermostat will send an electric signal to furnace to turn on to increase temp. Same when temp is too high, thermostat will send electric signal to furnace to turn off to drop to set temp.
Explain the importance of barriers in the body and some examples
Barriers maintain distinctive environments such as the plasma membrane separating the the intercellular and extracellular fluids, or skin/mucous membranes separating the inside of the body with the outside
Define a gradient
A difference in a specific physical or chemical value between two areas such as pressure, temperature or concentration
List and define the main directional terms of the body
Superior/Inferior
Anterior/Posterior (Ventral/Dorsa)
Cephalic/Caudal
Proximal/Distal
Medial/Lateral
List and define the three main planes of the body
Sagittal Plane (Cuts your body into left and right)
Coronal Plane (Cuts your body into ventral and dorsal)
Transverse Plane (Cuts your body upper and lower)
Name the subdivisions of the dorsal and ventral cavities
Dorsal cavities include cranial and vertebral
Ventral cavities include thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
Name and locate the subdivisions of the abdomen
Right Hypochondriac Region (upper right)
Right Lumbar Region (middle right)
Right Iliac Region (lower right)
Epigastric Region (upper middle)
Umbilical Region (middle)
Hypogastric Region (lower middle)
Left Hypochondriac Region (upper left)
Left Lumbar Region (middle left)
Left Iliac Region (lower left)
Cite some anterior and posterior body regions along with their common names
Anterior such as Cephalic (head), Pelvic (groin), Thoracic (chest)
Posterior such as Cervical (neck), Lumbar (back)
Which system is composed of bones joints?
Skeletal System
