Disease and Disease-Producing Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Disease

A

Abnormality of structure or function of part, organ, or system

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2
Q

What are the disease categories?

A

Infection, degenerative diseases, nutritional diseases, metabolic disorders, immune disorders, neoplasms, psychiatric disorders

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3
Q

What are some contributing causes of diseases?

A

Age, sex, heredity, living conditions and lifestyles, emotional disturbance, physical and chemical damage, preexisting illness

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4
Q

Define Epidemiology

A

The study of the cause of disease in populations

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5
Q

What is the definition of a predisposing cause of disease?

A

Factors known to increase one’s susceptibility to a specific disease

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6
Q

Identify three types of statistics typically collected by epidemiologists.

A

Incidence rate, prevalence rate, and mortality rate

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7
Q

Define Syndrome

A

The association of several clinically recognizable features, signs, symptoms, phenomena or characteristics that often occur together

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8
Q

Define Prognosis

A

The likely course of disease or ailment

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9
Q

Name some treatment types for diseases

A

Medication, surgery, physical therapy, occupational therapy, respiratory therapy, nutritional therapy and counseling

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10
Q

What are some portals of entry for diseases?

A

Skin, respiratory tract, digestive system, urinary and reproduction system

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11
Q

Why are barriers important?

A

They help the body maintain distinct environments. Like how the skin and mucous membranes separate the inside of the body with the external environment

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12
Q

Define Microbiome

A

Population of beneficial microorganisms that grow within the body

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13
Q

List some advantages of microbiome

A

Prevents infection from pathogenic microbes, synthesizes nutrients and promotes immune tolerance

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14
Q

What happens if microbiome has disruptions?

A

Disease

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of bacteria?

A

Single-celled organisms, no nucleus and found everywhere

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16
Q

What are some types of bacteria?

A

Cocci, Bacilli, Vibrio, Spirilla, Spirochetes, Rickettsia, Chlamydia

17
Q

Define Virus

A

Composed of a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a coat of proteins which only grows within living things

18
Q

Name some infectious proteins

A

Prions, Fungi, Protozoa, Parasitic Protozoa, Parasitic Worms, Parasitic Roundworm, Parasitic Flatworms, Parasitic Arthroprods,

19
Q

What is the study of worms called?

A

Helminthology

20
Q

Name two types of arthropods.

A

Spiders and mites

21
Q

List some contributing factors of increased infections.

A

Increase in population, changes in food handling, disruption of animal habitats and opportunistic infections

22
Q

Public health measures with disease infections.

A

Sewage and garbage disposal, water purification, prevention of food contamination and pasteurization

23
Q

What are aseptic methods for prevention of disease?

A

Sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis

24
Q

What is the most important measure to prevent microbial spread?

A

Handwashing

25
Q

What are 2 antimicrobial agents?

A

Antibiotics and Antiviral

26
Q

What are some laboratory identification of pathogens?

A

Grow out bacterial cells, multiply to form colonies, perform tests to identify organisms, oxygen requirements and serologic tests