Disease and Disease-Producing Organisms Flashcards
Define Disease
Abnormality of structure or function of part, organ, or system
What are the disease categories?
Infection, degenerative diseases, nutritional diseases, metabolic disorders, immune disorders, neoplasms, psychiatric disorders
What are some contributing causes of diseases?
Age, sex, heredity, living conditions and lifestyles, emotional disturbance, physical and chemical damage, preexisting illness
Define Epidemiology
The study of the cause of disease in populations
What is the definition of a predisposing cause of disease?
Factors known to increase one’s susceptibility to a specific disease
Identify three types of statistics typically collected by epidemiologists.
Incidence rate, prevalence rate, and mortality rate
Define Syndrome
The association of several clinically recognizable features, signs, symptoms, phenomena or characteristics that often occur together
Define Prognosis
The likely course of disease or ailment
Name some treatment types for diseases
Medication, surgery, physical therapy, occupational therapy, respiratory therapy, nutritional therapy and counseling
What are some portals of entry for diseases?
Skin, respiratory tract, digestive system, urinary and reproduction system
Why are barriers important?
They help the body maintain distinct environments. Like how the skin and mucous membranes separate the inside of the body with the external environment
Define Microbiome
Population of beneficial microorganisms that grow within the body
List some advantages of microbiome
Prevents infection from pathogenic microbes, synthesizes nutrients and promotes immune tolerance
What happens if microbiome has disruptions?
Disease
What are some characteristics of bacteria?
Single-celled organisms, no nucleus and found everywhere
What are some types of bacteria?
Cocci, Bacilli, Vibrio, Spirilla, Spirochetes, Rickettsia, Chlamydia
Define Virus
Composed of a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a coat of proteins which only grows within living things
Name some infectious proteins
Prions, Fungi, Protozoa, Parasitic Protozoa, Parasitic Worms, Parasitic Roundworm, Parasitic Flatworms, Parasitic Arthroprods,
What is the study of worms called?
Helminthology
Name two types of arthropods.
Spiders and mites
List some contributing factors of increased infections.
Increase in population, changes in food handling, disruption of animal habitats and opportunistic infections
Public health measures with disease infections.
Sewage and garbage disposal, water purification, prevention of food contamination and pasteurization
What are aseptic methods for prevention of disease?
Sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis
What is the most important measure to prevent microbial spread?
Handwashing
What are 2 antimicrobial agents?
Antibiotics and Antiviral
What are some laboratory identification of pathogens?
Grow out bacterial cells, multiply to form colonies, perform tests to identify organisms, oxygen requirements and serologic tests
