Exam Prep #2 Flashcards
Anatomy and Physiology
This plane faces forward and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
Frontal Plane
This plane run perpendicular to the ground and divides the body into left and right portions.
Sagittal Plane
This plane passes directly through the spine and navel. All other lateral planes are considered parasagittal.
Midsagittal Plane
This plane runs parallel to the ground and divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Transverse Plane (Horizontal)
How many body cavities are there?
5
This body cavity consists of the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, ureters, and kidneys.
Abdominal Cavity
This body cavity consists the skull and the brain.
Cranial Cavity
This body cavity consists the urinary bladder, urethra, part of the large intestines, rectum, uterus, and vagina/prostate
Pelvic Cavity
This body cavity consists of the spinal column connecting to the cranial cavity.
Spinal Cavity
This body cavity consists of the esophagus, trachea, lungs, heart, and aorta.
Thoracic Cavity
This body cavity can be divided into 2 smaller cavities which is.
The thoracic cavity. Divided into the pleural and mediastinum cavity.
The building blocks of increasing complexity that, when combined, form a living organism is known as?
Structural Units
How many Structural Units are there?
4
Structural unit that is primarily responsible for storing genetic information and carrying out microscopic processes such as metabolism and protein synthesis.
Cells
Structural unit that groups cells with the same structure and function. Arranged in layers and also differ on their operation and location in the body. Consist of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous (cardiac, smooth, skeletal)
Tissues
Structural unit that is more than one tissue arranged together. Specialized and each are responsible for specific, vital functions in the body. Can be hollow or solid. Examples include heart, lungs, brain, and liver
Organs
Structural unit consisting of an arrangement of organs working together to achieve a unified bodily objective.
Organ Systems
How many organ systems are there in the body?
11
Name the 12 Organ Systems of the body.
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Cardiovascular
- Circulatory
- Respiratory
- Nervous
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Endocrine
- Lymphatic
- Integumentary
- Reproductive
Function of this organ system are mechanical support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation. Composed of bone and cartilages.
The Skeletal System
The axial and appendicular are two parts of which organ system?
The Skeletal System
This organ system functions as the locomotion of the body. Divided into smooth, cardiac, and skeletal parts. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are arranged in a repetitive fashion (striped appearance). Smooth muscles are non-striated (non striped).
The Muscular System
This organ system function includes transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body within the blood. Also eliminates carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste. Composed of the heart and circulatory system.
The Cardiovascular System
This organ system consists of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Continuous network of vessels that carry blood around the body. Blood leaves the heart through arteries, which reduce in size to smaller arteries called arterioles. Arterioles reduce to capillaries (where gasses and nutrients are exchanged. Then small veins (venules) go from capillaries and increase size to the heart as veins. Arteries convey blood from heart to periphery. Veins convey blood from periphery to heart.
The Circulatory System
This organ system consist of 3 circuits called, pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulations.
The Circulatory System
This circulatory circuit carries blood between heart and lungs.
Pulmonary Circulation
This circulatory circuit supplies blood to muscle of the heart.
Coronary Circulation
This circulatory circuit carries blood to the rest of the body.
Systemic Circulation
This organ system function is to bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide. Consists of the nasal cavity and pharynx (both called the upper respiratory system, the rest are lower the respiratory system), larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs (alveoli). Function to conduct air into the lungs aided by muscle of respiration (except alveoli). When air is in the lungs it enters the alveoli (gas exchanges/ CO2 is removed and O2 is returned to blood).
The Respiratory System
This organ system initiates and regulates vital body functions, sensation and body movements. Controls how we interact with and respond to our environment by controlling functions of organs. Consists of the brain, spinal cord and sensory organs (connected by neurons). Neurons are used to transmit neural signals around the body.
The Nervous System
The nervous system is divided into which 4 systems?
- Central
- Peripheral
- Somatic
- Autonomic
This organ system function is to degrade food into smaller compounds, until they can be absorbed into the body and can be used as energy. Consists of gastrointestinal tract organs and accessory digestive organs (from mouth to anal canal). Assist with mechanical and chemical food breakdown (tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).
The Digestive System
This organ system functions as the body drainage system made of organs that produce and excrete urine. Consists of the kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Elimination of body waste, regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, regulation of electrolyte levels and blood ph.
The Urinary System
These organ systems are scattered throughout the body that act to produce hormones. Hypothalamus is a gland in your brain that controls the endocrine system. It controls mood, hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual functions. The pituitary gland makes hormones that control the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testicles. Located at the base of the brain.
The Endocrine System