Exam Prep #3 Flashcards
Clinical Patient Care
Checking exam rooms for cleanliness, restocking items and equipment, and reviewing daily schedules to familiarize yourself with patient medical records is which part of an MA’s shift?
Preparing for shift of day.
How to maintain safety in the clinical setting?
Avoid cluttered hallways, spills, sharp corners (furniture), dimly lit areas. Report any hazards to the supervisor.
Describe 5 comprehensive clinical intakes.
- Obtain and document for today’s reason, chief complaint. Use open ended questions.
- Medication Reconciliation on every patient visit.
- Allergies should be assessed on every patient visit.
- Complete personal and family history. Will help the provider assess and address patient concerns.
- Screenings (visual acuity testing, urinalysis, hearing tests, anthropometric measurements and VS are performed during routine exams.
- Infants and small children growth charts should be completed to assess developmental progress (Denver Developmental Screening Test).
- Teens should have scoliosis screenings. Adults should have mini-mental state exams for dementia.
List the 6 vital signs
- Temperature
- Heart rate
- Respirations
- Blood Pressure
- Pulse Oximetry
- Pain Scale
What is the average temperature for vital signs?
97.5 - 99.5 F
Which pulse for adults and which for children for heart rates?
Radial pulse for adults. Brachial pulse for children and babies.
In an emergency, where should the pulse be taken from?
Carotid pulse
Heart pulse is evaluated on which 3 traits?
Rate, rhythm, and strength.
Average heart rates for adults, children, infants, and neonates are?
Adult: 60 to 100
Children (1 to 8 yrs): 80 to 100
Infants (1 to 12 mth): 100 to 120
Neonates (1 to 28 dys): 120 to 160
Average respirations for adults, children, infants, and neonates are?
Adult: 12 to 20 breaths per minute
Children (1 to 8 yrs): 15 to 30
Infants (1 to 12 mth): 25 to 50
Neonates (1 to 28 dys): 40 to 60
Average blood pressure for adults, children, infants, and neonates are?
Adult: 90 to 140 mmHg / 60 to 90 mmHg
Children (1 to 8 yrs): 80 to 110 mmHg
Infants (1 to 12 mth): 70 to 95 mmHg
Neonates (1 to 28 dys): > 60 mmHg
Average pulse oximetry oxygen level is?
95% or higher
1 kilogram is equivalent to how many pounds?
2.2 lbs
How should BMI be calculated?
Weight in lb/height in inches x 703 = BMI
Use the WHO growth standards to monitor growth for patients of what age?
Infants to children 2 and under.
Use the CDC growth charts for children of what ages?
2 years and older.
A bed position where head and trunk are raised 40 - 90 degrees. Used for patients with cardiac issues, trouble breathing, or nasogastric tube in place. What position?
Fowler’s position
Involves the patient lying on either left or right side. Right lateral = patients right side touching bed, left lateral = patients left side touching bed. What position?
Lateral position
Involves the patient lying flat on back while legs elevated to hip level or above. Common use in childbirth. What position?
Lithotomy position
Where the patient lies on their stomach with their back facing upward. Allows full flexion of knee and hip joints. What position?
Prone position
When the patient is supine with the head of the bed elevated and foot of the bed is down. Used in surgery to promote perfusion in obese patients. Helpful treating venous air embolism and preventing pulmonary aspiration. What position?
Reverse Trendelenburg position
Prone/lateral position where the patient lies on their side with upper leg flexed and drawn toward chest, while upper arm is flexed at the elbow. Useful for administering enemas, perineal examinations, and comfort in pregnancy. What position?
Sim’s position
When the patient is flat on their back. Most natural resting position. What position?
Supine position
Involves a supine patient and sharply lowering the head of the bed and raising the foot end., creating an upside down effect. Helpful during gynecological and abdominal hernia surgeries. What position?
Trendelenburg position
An instrument used to examine interior structures of the eye. Consists of a light, magnifying lens, and opening for the doctor to view through.
Ophthalmoscope
Instrument used to view the ear canal and tympanic membrane. Consists of a light, magnifying lens, and cone shape insert.
Otoscope
Instrument used for listening to body sounds including heart, lungs, and intestines. Also used while taking blood pressure. Consists of diaphragm and ear piece.
Stethoscope
Instrument used for neurological reflex testing by striking the tendon of ankle knee, wrist, and elbow.
Percussion Hammer
Instrument used for testing hearing. Striking the prongs causes a vibration, which produces a humming sound. The prongs are placed near the skull and ear while the patient describes the sound.
Tuning Fork
Instrument used to measure blood pressure. Consists of inflatable rubber cuff, bulb to inflate and deflate, and the use of a stethoscope simultaneously.
Sphygmomanometer
How long should patients wait before leaving after a medication had been administered?
15 minutes
List 9 supplies needed for an injection.
- Medication
- Syringe
- Needle
- Topical anesthetic
- Nonsterile gloves
- Antiseptic wipe
- Cotton ball or gauze
- Adhesive bandage
- Sharps container
What is the largest and smallest needle gauges?
14 G is largest. 31 G is smallest.
What gauge of needle for an IM injection?
20 to 23 G
What gauge needle for a SQ injection?
25 - 26 G
Process of flushing the external canal with sterile water or saline. Used to treat foreign bodies or cerumen (ear wax). What is this called?
Ear irrigation
Process of flushing the eyes with solution to remove secretions, foreign bodies, or dilute chemicals. What is this called?
Eye irrigation
List 6 common injuries.
- Abrasions
- Incision
- Laceration
- Punctures
- Contusion
- Concussion
Name 3 common limb injuries.
- Strain
- Sprain
- Fracture
Fevers, chills, fatigue, foul smell odor from wound, drainage, redness, swelling, increased pain, hot to touch, red streaks extending the wound are signs of what?
Infection