Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

Define Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

A term that describes the four stages of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs or medication.

Question 2

How many stages are there for a medication to through the human body?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Name the four stages for a medication to go through within the body.

Answer 3

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

Question 4

Define Absorption.

Answer 4

Occurs after medications enter the body and travel from the site of administration into the body’s circulation.

Question 5

Define Distribution.

Answer 5

The process by which medication is distributed throughout the body.

Question 6

Define Metabolism.

Answer 6

The breakdown of a drug molecule.

Question 7

Define Excretion.

Answer 7

The process by which the body eliminates waste.

Question 8

Define Pharmacodynamics.

Answer 8

The study of the biochemical physiologic and molecular effects of drugs on the body.

Question 9

Describe an Analgesic Drug.

Answer 9

Drug that relieves pain. Two main types are non-narcotic for mild pain and narcotic analgesics for severe pain.

Question 10

Describe an Antianxiety Drug.

Answer 10

Drug that suppress anxiety and relax muscles.

Question 11

Another name for anxiolytics, sedatives and minor tranquilizers are?

Answer 11

Antianxiety Drugs.

Question 12

Define an Antiarrhythmics Drug.

Answer 12

Drugs used to control irregularities of heartbeat.

Question 13

Define antibiotics.

Answer 13

Drugs made from naturally occurring and synthetic substances that combat bacterial infection.

Question 14

Define anticoagulants and thrombolytics.

Answer 14

Anticoagulants prevent blood from clotting. Thrombolytics help dissolve and disperse blood clots.

Question 15

Define anticonvulsants.

Answer 15

Drugs that prevent epileptic seizures.

Question 16

Define antidepressants.

Answer 16

Three main types: tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Question 17

Define antifungals.

Answer 17

Drugs used to treat fungal infections.

Question 18

Define antihistamines.

Answer 18

Drugs used primarily to counteract the effects of histamine (chemicals involved in allergic reactions).

Question 19

Define antihypertensives.

Answer 19

Drugs that lower blood pressure.

Question 20

Define anti-inflammatories.

Answer 20

Drugs used to reduce inflammation, redness, heat, swelling or increased blood flow found in infections.

Question 21

Define antipsychotics.

Answer 21

Drugs used to treat symptoms of severe psychiatric disorders.

Question 22

Define antipyretics.

Answer 22

Drugs that reduce fever.

Question 23

Define antivirals.

Answer 23

Drugs that treat viral infections such as influenza.

Question 24

Define beta-blockers.

Answer 24

Beta-allergic blocking agents reduce the oxygen needing of the heart by reducing heart rate.

Question 25

Define bronchodilators.

Answer 25

Drugs that open up the bronchial tubes within the lungs when the tubes have become narrowed by muscle spasm.

Question 26

Define corticosteroids.

Answer 26

Primarily used as anti-inflammatories in arthritis or asthma.

Question 27

Define hypoglycemics.

Answer 27

Drugs that lower the level of glucose in the blood.

Question 28

What are the types of drug schedules?

Answer 28

Schedule I, II, III, IV, V

Question 29

Define schedule I drugs.

Answer 29

Drugs, substances or chemicals with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential of abuse or addiction.

Question 30

Define schedule II drugs.

Answer 30

Drugs with high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. Considered highly dangerous.

Question 31

Define schedule III drugs.

Answer 31

Drugs with moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

Question 32

Define schedule IV drugs.

Answer 32

Drugs with low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

Question 33

Define schedule V drugs.

Answer 33

Drugs with lower potential for abuse than schedule IV and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics.

Question 34

List 5 forms of medications.

Answer 34

Tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, injectables, powders, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, lotions, creams, ointments, effervescent granules, aerosols, gasses, suppositories.

Question 35

List 5 routes of medications.

Answer 35

Oral, inhalation, topical, instillation, transdermal, vaginal, rectal

Question 36

What are the three types of injection routes?

Answer 36

Subcutaneous (SQ), intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID).

Question 37

What are subcutaneous injections?

Answer 37

Medication injected into the subcutaneous fat.

Question 38

What route of injection is insulin given?

Answer 38

Subcutaneous (SQ)

Question 39

What are intramuscular injections?

Answer 39

Medication injected into the muscle belly itself.

Question 40

What route of injection is corticosteroid given?

Answer 40

Intramuscular (IM).

Question 41

What are intradermal injections?

Answer 41

Medication injected very superficially into the dermis, or second layer of the skin.

Question 42

What rout of injection is PPD given?

Answer 42

Intradermal (ID).

Question 43

Medication errors occur in approximately ___ in every ___ doses given in hospitals.

Answer 43

1, 5

Question 44

How many errors occur per patient per day?

Answer 44

1

Question 45

Approximately how many injuries and deaths occur every year from medication-related errors?

Answer 45

1.3 million injuries, 7,000 deaths

Question 46

Drug-related morbidity and morality are estimated to cost $____ in the U.S.

Answer 46

$177 billion

Question 47

List parts of a prescription.

Answer 47

Patients name and another identifier, like DOB. Medication strength, amount of doses and route by which it is to be taken. Amount to be given by pharmacy and refills. Signature and physician identifiers like NPI or DEA numbers.

Question 48

Define pharmacology.

Answer 48

The study of drugs and their origins, properties, preparation, usage and effects on the body.

Question 49

Define what a drug is.

Answer 49

A chemical used in the treatment and prevention or diagnosis of a disease or condition to maintain health.

Question 50

Are most drugs synthetically produced?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

Are medical assistants typically involved with the medication process?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Which are the 5 rules of medication administration?

Answer 52

Right medication, form, dose, route, time.

Question 53

How long should a patient be held for to assess patient reaction to medications?

Answer 53

20 to 30 minutes after medication administration.