Lesson 2: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe pharmacokinetics

A

Deals with the study of how the body affects a drug. Process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.

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2
Q

What does ADME stand for?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.

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3
Q

Describe absorption.

A

The process of drug entry into the bloodstream.

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4
Q

Describe distribution.

A

The movement of a drug from the bloodstream to tissues/organs.

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5
Q

Describe metabolism.

A

The enzymatic conversion of a drug into metabolites.

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6
Q

Describe elimination.

A

The removal of drug and its metabolites from the body.

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7
Q

Define pharmacodynamics.

A

Focuses on the study of the effects of drugs on the body.

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8
Q

Which branch of pharmacology investigates receptor binding, enzyme inhibition or modulation of cellular signaling pathways?

A

Pharmacodynamics

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9
Q

Which branch of pharmacology helps determine concentration of a drug and factors such as bioavailability, half-life, clearance and drug-drug interactions?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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10
Q

List some factors that affect drug absorption.

A

Route of administration, drug formulation, solubility, pH, blood flow and other substances present.

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11
Q

Can drugs be absorbed in many different body areas?

A

Yes, such as GI tract, mucous membranes, skin, lungs or subcutaneous tissues.

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12
Q

What are some factors influencing drug distribution?

A

Blood flow, tissue permeability, drug solubility, plasma protein binding and tissue affinity.

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13
Q

Where is the primary site of drug metabolism?

A

The liver, although kidneys, lungs and intestines also contribute.

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14
Q

What is biotransformation?

A

When drugs are changed into new, less active chemicals.

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15
Q

List some routes the body uses to excrete drugs.

A

Skin, saliva, lungs, bile and feces.

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16
Q

What organ has an important role in excretion?

A

Kidneys

17
Q

Describe drug half-life.

A

The half-life of a drug is when it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level it previously achieved.

18
Q

Why is pharmacokinetics important to patient care?

A

Provides important insights into how drugs move within the body and how dosing regimens should be optimized for therapeutic efficacy and safety.