organic compound reactions Flashcards
alkane combustion (complete)
alkane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
eg:
ch4 + 2o2 —> co2 + 2h2o
alkene combustion (complete)
alkene + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
eg:
alkene + 2o2 –> co2 + 2h2o
alkane combustion (partial)
alkane + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + water
eg:
ch4 + o2 –> co + h2o
alkene combustion (partial)
alkene + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + water
why does a partial combustion occur
when not enough oxygen is supplied to the reaction
condition for substitution reaction and specifics of reaction
occurs only under the presence of ULTRAVIOLET light as it is a photochemical reaction. If UV is supplied the reaction can continue until all hydrogens are displaced. possible with both alkanes and alkenes
example of substitution reaction
CH4 + cl2 –presence of UV—-> ch3cl + hcl
what does light (UV) provide in a photochemical reaction
the activation energy for the reaction
which type of test can addition reactions be used for
saturation test as only alkenes can break double bonds and colour change when reacted with bromine. alkanes can’t do this as all the single bonds have been bonded already
specifics of addition reaction
only happens with alkenes
only gives 1 product
what is hydrogenation
opposite of cracking, alkene can be converted to alkane by adding hydrogen
what is cracking of alkane
conversion of higher chain alkane into alkene and hydrogen or alkene and alkane
example of cracking of alkane
c4h10 —-> c4h8 + h2
c4h10 —-> c3h6 + ch4
formation of alcohol (hydration method)
c2h4 + h2o (steam) ——-> c2h5oh
formation of alcohol (fermentation method)
c6h12o6 —-yeast anaerobic resp—–> 2c2h5oh + 2co2
making of carboxylic acids
oxidation of alcohol
c2h5oh —-kmno4—-> ch3cooh
making of carboxylic acids
fermentation
which production process does this occur in
c2h5oh —bacteria—-> ch3cooh
during vinegar production
esters formation
(ethanoic acid) h3c-c=o-oh + ho-ch3 (methanol) <—conc h2so4——> (methyl ethanoate) h3c=c=o-o-ch3 + h2o
oh from carboxylic acid bonds with h from alcohol to make alcohol so we can just write the carboxylic acid and the alcohol without the oh and h to form ester
Type of reaction where polymers are broken down to monomers
hydrolysis
2 types of substances that are used to break down proteins to amino acids
what are the proteins
what are the amino acids
proteins - polymers
amino acids - monomers
2 substances:
enzymes
acids
black solid produced when adding concentrated sulfuric acid to sugar
carbon
Conditions for cracking
from which organic compoudn to which
Long chain alkane to shorter chain alkanes and alkenes or shorter chain alkene and hydrogen
High temperature
catalyst
Conditions for hydrogenation
from which organic compoudn to which
Alkene + hydrogen –> alkane
Hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst
Conditions hydration in general
from which OC to which
alkene + steam –> alcohol
acid catalyst
conditions for CATALYTIC ADDITION of steam to ethene to give ethanol
300 deg cel
60 atm
acid catalyst
Conditions to form an ester
acid catalyst
other than enzymes what can catalyse the hydrolysis of starch
strong acid (hcl)
