organic compound reactions

Question 1

alkane combustion (complete)

Answer 1

alkane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
eg:
ch4 + 2o2 —> co2 + 2h2o

Question 2

alkene combustion (complete)

Answer 2

alkene + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
eg:
alkene + 2o2 –> co2 + 2h2o

Question 3

alkane combustion (partial)

Answer 3

alkane + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + water
eg:
ch4 + o2 –> co + h2o

Question 4

alkene combustion (partial)

Answer 4

alkene + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + water

Question 5

why does a partial combustion occur

Answer 5

when not enough oxygen is supplied to the reaction

Question 6

condition for substitution reaction and specifics of reaction

Answer 6

occurs only under the presence of ULTRAVIOLET light as it is a photochemical reaction. If UV is supplied the reaction can continue until all hydrogens are displaced. possible with both alkanes and alkenes

Question 7

example of substitution reaction

Answer 7

CH4 + cl2 –presence of UV—-> ch3cl + hcl

Question 8

what does light (UV) provide in a photochemical reaction

Answer 8

the activation energy for the reaction

Question 9

which type of test can addition reactions be used for

Answer 9

saturation test as only alkenes can break double bonds and colour change when reacted with bromine. alkanes can’t do this as all the single bonds have been bonded already

Question 10

specifics of addition reaction

Answer 10

only happens with alkenes

only gives 1 product

Question 11

what is hydrogenation

Answer 11

opposite of cracking, alkene can be converted to alkane by adding hydrogen

Question 12

what is cracking of alkane

Answer 12

conversion of higher chain alkane into alkene and hydrogen or alkene and alkane

Question 13

example of cracking of alkane

Answer 13

c4h10 —-> c4h8 + h2

c4h10 —-> c3h6 + ch4

Question 14

formation of alcohol (hydration method)

Answer 14

c2h4 + h2o (steam) ——-> c2h5oh

Question 15

formation of alcohol (fermentation method)

Answer 15

c6h12o6 —-yeast anaerobic resp—–> 2c2h5oh + 2co2

Question 16

making of carboxylic acids
oxidation of alcohol

Answer 16

c2h5oh —-kmno4—-> ch3cooh

Question 17

making of carboxylic acids
fermentation

which production process does this occur in

Answer 17

c2h5oh —bacteria—-> ch3cooh

during vinegar production

Question 18

esters formation

Answer 18

(ethanoic acid) h3c-c=o-oh + ho-ch3 (methanol) <—conc h2so4——> (methyl ethanoate) h3c=c=o-o-ch3 + h2o

oh from carboxylic acid bonds with h from alcohol to make alcohol so we can just write the carboxylic acid and the alcohol without the oh and h to form ester

Question 19

Type of reaction where polymers are broken down to monomers

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

2 types of substances that are used to break down proteins to amino acids

what are the proteins
what are the amino acids

Answer 20

proteins - polymers
amino acids - monomers

2 substances:
enzymes
acids

Question 21

black solid produced when adding concentrated sulfuric acid to sugar

Answer 21

carbon

Question 22

Conditions for cracking

from which organic compoudn to which

Answer 22

Long chain alkane to shorter chain alkanes and alkenes or shorter chain alkene and hydrogen

High temperature
catalyst

Question 23

Conditions for hydrogenation

from which organic compoudn to which

Answer 23

Alkene + hydrogen –> alkane

Hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst

Question 24

Conditions hydration in general
from which OC to which

Answer 24

alkene + steam –> alcohol

acid catalyst

Question 25

conditions for CATALYTIC ADDITION of steam to ethene to give ethanol

Answer 25

300 deg cel
60 atm
acid catalyst

Question 26

Conditions to form an ester

Answer 26

acid catalyst

Question 27

other than enzymes what can catalyse the hydrolysis of starch

Answer 27

strong acid (hcl)