Chapter 14.1, 14.4, 14.5 Extraction of metals, Alloys, etc

Question 1

What is the most abundant meatal in the earth’s crust

Answer 1

Aluminium

Question 2

What are ores

Answer 2

The rocks which we obtain the metals from

Question 3

What is Hematite

Answer 3

iron ore - Fe2O3

Question 4

What is Bauxite

Answer 4

Aluminium ore - Aluminium Oxide

Question 5

In what form is gold found and why

Answer 5

Gold is found in its elemental form because it is urneactive

Question 6

What is silica

Answer 6

Silicon (IV) oxide

Question 7

General process of extracting metal from ore

Answer 7

Metal compound –(reduction)—> metal

Question 8

Extraction of metals reactivity series

What Extraction method is used

Answer 8

Electrolysis:
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
—————
electrolysis can be used as these metals are more reactive than carbon
—————-
Carbon
—————-
Heating in a furnace with carbon or carbon monoxide:
—————-
Zinc
Iron
Copper
—————-
Found naturally as elements:
Silver
Gold

Question 9

Trends in the extraction series

Answer 9

Down to up:
reactivity increases
Ores harder to decompose
More Powerful extraction is required
Method of extraction is more expensive

Question 10

Why isn’t electrolysis used for all

Answer 10

Expensive since a large amount of electricity is required

Question 11

What is aluminum used for and why

Answer 11

Overhead electricity cables - Good conductor of electricity, light, ductile, corrosion resistant

Cooking foil, food containers, drink cans - Light, non-toxic, resists heat and corrosion, malleable

Aircraft - low density

Question 12

What is copper used for and why

Answer 12

Electrical wiring - ductile, good conductor of electricity

Question 13

What is zinc used for and why

Answer 13

Coating or galvanizing iron and steel - Prevents rusting through sacrificial protection, keeps air and moisture out

Torch batteries - gives a current when connected to a carbon electrode.

Question 14

What are alloys

Answer 14

Mixture of a metal with at least one other element

Question 15

Why are alloys made

Answer 15

To change the properties of the original metal, making it more useful

Question 16

Why do alloys have different properties from the original element

Answer 16

A pure metal has a lattice of positive ions that can slide over each other and a sea of electrons around it.

But when an alloy is made, the new element’s atoms enter the lattice, which makes it harder for them to slide over each other. Therefore new alloy is harder and stronger

Question 17

What are all the properties the alloy differs from compared to the original

Answer 17

Strength
Resistance to corrosion
Ability to conduct electricity and heat
The melting point
The appearance

(doesn’t have to change all 5, can change however many)

Question 18

Describe brass

what its made of
Special properties (name 2)
Uses (name 2)

Answer 18

Copper + Zinc

Special properties:
Harder than copper, easy to shape (malleable), looks attractive, doesn’t corrode

Uses:
Musical instruments, ornaments, door knobs

Question 19

Describe a typical stainless steel

what its made of
Special properties (name 2)
Uses (name 2)

Answer 19

Iron + Chromium, Nickel, Carbon, (more)

Special properties:
Strong, Resists corrosion, looks attractive

Uses:
cutlery, cooking utensils, construction, equipment in hospitals and factories