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Chem > Chapter 3 Bonding - ionic, covalent, metal > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Bonding - ionic, covalent, metal Flashcards

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1
Q

Element

A

substance that cannot be broken down any further
substance containing atoms with the same atomic number or proton number

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2
Q

compound

A

Made of different atoms and elements that have been bonded together

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3
Q

Mixture

A

Different substances that haven’t been bonded together

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4
Q

Signs of a chemical reaction

A

One or more new substances are formed
Energy taken in or given out
Difficult to reverse
REN

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5
Q

Signs of a physical change

A

If no new substance is formed it is a physical change

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6
Q

Why do atoms bond

A

They bond in order to gain stability and have full outer shells

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7
Q

What is a bond

A

A force of attraction present between two or more atoms, elements, or ions in a compound

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8
Q

Ions

A

An ion is a charged particle that is formed when an atom gains/looses electrons

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9
Q

Positive ions

A

Cations A POSITIVE CAT

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10
Q

Negative ions

A

Anions

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11
Q

Ionic bond

A

Metal and non-metal
Strong electrostatic force of attraction between ions of opposite charge

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12
Q

Metals form which ion

A

POSITIVE - CATIONS

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13
Q

Non-metals form which ion

A

NEGATIVE - ANIONS

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14
Q

NH4

A

Ammonium 1+

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15
Q

CO3

A

Carbonate 2-

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16
Q

SO4

A

Sulfate 2-

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17
Q

SO3

A

Sulfite 2-

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18
Q

OH

A

Hydroxide -1

19
Q

NO3

A

Nitrate -1

20
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

An inter-molecular force of attraction that holds the two atoms together and allows them to share a pair of electrons

2 or more non metals

21
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

22
Q

Diatomic

A

Molecules that contain two atoms

23
Q

What is a covalent compound

A

A compound formed by atoms of different elements sharing electrons

24
Q

Methanol

A

CH3OH

25
Q

Ethene

A

C2H4

26
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A

Soluble in water
Can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water
High melting and boiling points

27
Q

Properties of covalent compounds

A

Lowing melting and boiling points
Insoluble in water
Don’t conduct electricity

28
Q

Allotropes

A

Two forms of the same element

29
Q

Structure of metals

A

Lattice of tightly packed positive ions and a sea of delocalized electrons that move freely

30
Q

Metallic bonds

A

Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons

31
Q

Physical properties of metals

A

High melting point
Malleable and Ductile
Good conductors of heat
Good conductors of electricity

32
Q

Best conductor of electricity:

A

Silver

33
Q

Delocalised electrons

A

Electrons that move freely in the metal lattice and aren’t tied to any one ion

34
Q

What is a single covalent bond

A

A single covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons which leads to a full outer shell s

35
Q

what does the nucleus of a hydrogen atom contain

A

only protons

36
Q

Describe the giant covalent structure of diamond

A

Each carbon bonds to 4 other carbon atoms and forms a tetrahedral structure

37
Q

What are the properties of diamond

A

Very hard - each atom held by 4 strong covalent bonds

high melting point

Does not conduct electricity - no free ions or electrons to carry charge

38
Q

Describe the structure of Silicon (IV) oxide and the chemical formula

A

SiO2

Each silicon atom bonds with 4 oxygen atom. Each oxygen atom bonds with 2 silicon atoms.

39
Q

properties of silicon (IV) oxide

A

Similar to diamond because it has a similar tetrahedral structure

40
Q

Describe the bonding in graphite

A

Each carbon atom bonds with 3 other carbon atoms. Forms hexagonal rings that form flat sheets. Weak forces lie between the millions of sheets

41
Q

Properties of graphite

A

Soft and slippery - sheets slide over each other easily

Good conductor of electricity - Each carbon atom has 4 valence eletrons, but only 3 are used in bonding. 1 electron from each carbon atom free to move around graphite and conduct electricity

42
Q

Use of diamond, graphite and silicon (IV) oxide

A

Diamond - tools for drilling and cutting

Graphite - Lubricant for engines
electrodes (electrolysis)

Silicon (IV) oxide - Sand paper, bricks for lining furnaces

43
Q

Why is the melting point of an ionic compound > covalent compound

A

Ionic bonds have strong electrostatic force of attraction between ions whereas covalent bonds are have intermolecular forces of attraction.

Requires more energy to overcome electrostatic forces of attraction

44
Q

Name a covalent compound with a higher melting point than most ionic compounds

A

Silicon (IV) oxide
Diamond

Chem (31 decks)

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