Chapter 1 States of matter

Question 1

Characteristics of a Solid

Answer 1

Does not flow
Fixed shape and volume
Cannot be compressed
Vibrates
Particles arranged in a lattice formation

Question 2

Characteristics of a Liquid

Answer 2

Takes the shape of the container,
Fixed volume
Can’t be compressed
Flows very easily
Particles slide over each other and bounce of the container and each other.

Question 3

Char. of Gas

Answer 3

No fixed shape or volume
Spreads out to fill its container
Particles bounce off each other and the container at fast speeds
It is much lighter

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Particles of a fluid move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration by colliding with other particles and bouncing off in all directions

Question 5

Atoms

Answer 5

Smallest particles that cannot be broken down further

Question 6

Molecules

Answer 6

2 or more atoms bonded together

Question 7

Melting

Answer 7

When a solid is heated, its particles get more energy and vibrate more. This makes the solid expand. At the melting point, the particles vibrate so much that they break away from the lattice formation and a liquid is formed. The inter-molecular forces of attraction decrease and the inter-molecular space between particles increases.

Question 8

Boiling

Answer 8

Liquid particles get more energy and move faster. They collide more often and bounce further apart. At the boiling point, particles get enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction and break free from the liquid, turning it into gas.

Question 9

Evaporating

Answer 9

Occurs over a range of temperatures. Occurs only on the surface of the liquid. Particles gain enough heat energy to break free from the surface of the water and turn into gas. causes a cooling effect

Question 10

Heating Curve

Answer 10

It shows how the state of a substance changes as you heat it up.

Question 11

Cooling curve

Answer 11

It shows how the state of a substance changes as you cool it down.

Question 12

Pressure

Answer 12

Gas particles move about and collide with the container, and exert pressure.

Question 13

Effect of heat on pressure

Answer 13

At the same temp, if volume increases - pressure decreases
vice versa

but
if temp increases, pressure increases because the particles have more energy and collide more with the container

vice versa

Question 14

Relationship between relative molecular mass and rate of diffusion.

Answer 14

The lesser the relative molecular mass, the faster the gas diffuses.
vice versa