organic chem🛢🛢 Flashcards
colour change when alcohol is oxidised with potassium dichromate
orange to green
what is homologous series
- series of compounds with same functional group
- each successive member differs by CH2
everyday use of ir spec
- monitor air pollution
- breathalyser
what is functional group
group of atoms that give compound its characteristic set of reactions
equation for incomplete combustion of methanol
CH3OH + O2 —> CO + 2H2O
reagent to improve atom economy of alcohol to bromoalkane
NaBr
would iodobutane or bromobutane react faster with hydroxide ions and why
- iodobutane
- C-I bonds are weaker than C-Br
greenhouse effect is dependent on two factors
- absorption of IR radiation
- abundance in atmosphere
which haloalkane is unreactive
fluoroalkane
biodegradable alternative to CFCs
HFCs
why are CFCs used as aerosols
- non toxic
- non flammable
- easily vaporised
why does CF2Cl2 not hydrolyse in water
C-F need a lot of energy to break
how do CFCs deplete ozone
Cl catalyses decomposition of ozone
O3+Cl2–> ClO + O2
ClO+ O3–> Cl+ 2O2
why is ozone depletion a concern
more UV rays reach Earths surface so higher risk of skin cancer
what is homolytic fission
-one electron from bond goes to each atom
why can compounds have ez isomers
- restricted rotation around carbon double bond
- each carbon atom of double bond is bonded to different groups
why can hydroxide ions act as nucleophile
lone pair can be donated
why would petroleum industry produce cyclohexane
more efficient combustion
unsaturated
contains double carbon bonds
flask used in reflux
round bottom flask
how to separate fluids of different densities
- use separating funnel to separate organic and aqueous layers
- collect lower organic layer as it has greater density
- drying with anhydrous salt
- redistillation
test for ammonium
warm solution with NaOH
ammonia should be produced, test with moist indicator paper which will go blue
