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Wrong Exam Qs > neuronal communication🧠 > Flashcards

neuronal communication🧠 Flashcards

1
Q

similarities between sensory and motor neurone structure

A
  • cell body with nucleus
  • axon
  • dendrites
  • myelin sheath
  • voltage gated channels
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2
Q

which neurone transmits impulse from CNS

A

motor

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3
Q

why does shivering occur during fever

A

to increase body temp as it is lower than new set point

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4
Q

alcohol causes vasodilation why would it be bad to give to someone with hypothermia

A
  • vasodilation results in more blood nearer to skin surface
  • lose more heat
  • lack of enzyme activity
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5
Q

why is the pacinian corpuscle described as a transducer

A

converts energy (mechanical) into a different form of energy (electrical)

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6
Q

why does deformation of plasma membrane at tip of neurone cause it to be more permeable to na+

A

causes Na+ ion channels to open

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7
Q

what is the all or nothing law of generating action potentials

A
  • if stimulus is not strong enough then threshold not reached
  • action potential not generated
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8
Q

how is info about strength of a stimulus communicated to brain

A
  • represented by frequency of action potentials

- high frequency shows strong stimulus

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9
Q

why are action potentials not constantly generated when wearing clothes

A

sodium channels remain open

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10
Q

what are the roles of the synapses in the nervous system

A
  • allow communication between neurones
  • ensure transmission in one direction
  • allow one neuron to connect to many neurones
  • allows summation
  • ensures only stimulation strong enough will be passed on
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11
Q

explain difference in speed of conduction between myelinated and non myelinated neurones

A
  • myelinated has faster conduction
  • depolarisation can only occur where Na+ channels present
  • myelinated neurones have larger sections with no channels
  • ion transfer can only take place at gaps
  • saltatory conduction
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12
Q

name part of neurone where neurotransmitter is secreted

A

synaptic knob

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13
Q

what effect would a bacterial protease have in a neurone

neurone releases protein

A
  • protease breaks down protein
  • microtubules broken down so vesicle cannot move towards membrane
  • vesicle cannot fuse with membrane and protein not secreted
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14
Q

what type of hormones are released into blood

A

endocrine

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15
Q

insulin is released from what region of pancreas

A

islets of langerhans

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16
Q

process that breaks glycogen down into glucose

A

glycogenolysis

17
Q

state one way nervous system decreases heart rate

A

impulses along parasympathetic nerve

18
Q

how is resting potential established and maintained in a sensory neurone

A
  • sodium potassium pump uses ATP
  • pumps 3 Na+ out of neurone and 2 K+ in
  • K+ diffuse back out of cell
  • membrane less permeable to Na+ so fewer diffuse back in
  • voltage gated channels closed
19
Q

process that makes voltage positive

A

depolarisation

20
Q

process that makes voltage negative

A

repolarisation

21
Q

process that makes voltage more negative than resting potential

A

-hyperpolarisation

22
Q

minimum voltage for action potential is called

A

threshold potential

23
Q

relationship between strength of stimulus and resulting action potential

A
  • only stimuli that reach threshold produce action potential
  • when stimulated action potential follows all or nothing law
  • action potential is same size no matter how strong stimulus is
24
Q

how do neurones communicate across synapse

A
  • neurotransmitter released from pre synaptic membrane
  • diffuses across synaptic cleft
  • attaches to receptors on post synaptic membrane
  • neurotransmitter broken down in cleft
25
Q

differences between motor and sensory neurones

A
  • sensory has dendron, motor does not have dendron
  • sensory has short axon, motor has long axon
  • sensory has cell body in the middle, motor has it at the end
  • sensory dendrites at the end of dendron, motor has dendrites directly connected to cell body
26
Q

action potentials all have the same

A

size

27
Q

what happens to plasma membrane when neurone is stimulated

A

depolarisation

28
Q

describe function of the cell that covers axon

A
  • Schwann cell produces myelin
  • insulation
  • action potentials can only occur at nodes of ranvier
  • saltatory conduction
29
Q

how do synapses only allow transmission in one direction

A

only postsynaptic membrane has receptors

30
Q

atropine has similar shape to acetylcholine, explain how the presence of atropine in the synapse prevents the initiation of an action potential

A
  • atropine binds to receptors on post synaptic membrane
  • prevents acetylcholine from binding
  • sodium channels do not open
  • Na+ cannot enter neurone
  • no depolarisation
  • does not reach threshold
31
Q

when is the membrane most permeable to potassium ions

A

repolarisation

32
Q

why does increase in temp increase speed of conduction

A

neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse faster

33
Q

outline the events following the arrival of an action potential at synaptic knob until the acetylcholine has been released into the synapse

A
  • calcium channels open
  • ca2+ diffuse
  • acetylcholine in vesicle
  • vesicles move towards presynaptic membrane
  • vesicles fuse with membrane
  • release acetylcholine by exocytosis into synaptic cleft
34
Q

specialised cells in retina of eye respond to..

A

intensity and wavelength of light

35
Q

specialised cells in tongue and nose detect what type of stimuli

A

chemical

Wrong Exam Qs (41 decks)

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