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Wrong Exam Qs > biodiversity🌈🌴🐿 > Flashcards

biodiversity🌈🌴🐿 Flashcards

1
Q

explain importance of sampling in measuring biodiversity of a habitat

A
  • impossible to count every individual
  • sample is represetative of the habitat
  • sample provides an estimate
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2
Q

what is species evenness?

A

number of individuals of each species in a habitat

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3
Q

why is species evenness and richness used to assess biodiversity

A
  • both richness and evenness are used to reveal dominance of a species
  • high species richness and species evenness are needed for high biodiversity
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4
Q

what does a low simpsons index suggest

A
  • dominance of one/few species

- ecosystem unstable and less likely to cope with change

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5
Q

what is phylogeny and how is it related to classification

A
  • phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between species
  • phylogeny is the basis of classification
  • common ancestry
  • closer relationship= closer taxonomic grouping
  • DNA evidence/ amino acid sequence/ base sequence
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6
Q

reasons to conserve a species

A
  • keystone species/impact on food chain
  • aesthetic reasons: beautiful
  • ecotourism: economic
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7
Q

why is it sometimes necessary to use ex situ conservation

A
  • habitat lost due to climate change
  • protection from pathogens
  • protection from herbivores/predators
  • reproduction difficult in the wild
  • competition reduced
  • reduced mortality of young
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8
Q

what are the advantages of conserving plants as seeds and not adult plants

A
  • remain viable for long periods
  • lower maintenance costs
  • large numbers can be stored
  • less susceptible to disease
  • cheaper to transport
  • take up little space
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9
Q

outline an unbiased sampling method to use on grassland

A

-quadrat

-random sampling method
-2 measuring tapes perpendicular to
each other to make grid
OR
-systematic sampling
-transect

  • take 10 samples
  • use identification key
  • sample at different times in the year
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10
Q

why are estimates of total number of species on earth inaccurate

A
  • some species may recently have become extinct
  • new species constantly being formed/evolution ongoing
  • some species difficult to distinguish/ scientists may disagree on classification of species
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11
Q

ways to ensure simpsons index value is accurate

A
  • standardisation of technique
  • random sampling
  • identification key
  • survey at different times of year
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12
Q

define biodiversity

A
  • range of species in an area
  • range of habitats/ecosystems
  • variety of alleles
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13
Q

why is it important to conserve species in particular areas

A
  • tourism
  • native species
  • part of local food chain
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14
Q

what is considered in an environmental impact assessment for building a wind farm

A
  • size of development
  • which species are present in area
  • potential damage to species in the area
  • potential strategies to minimise impact
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15
Q

how could a population of antarctic fish be conserved

A
  • ban fishing in the area
  • limits of numbers caught
  • protect habitat
  • ex situ/captive breeding
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16
Q

why might it become increasingly more difficult to discover new drugs

A
  • biodiversity is reducing
  • global warming
  • species which may have been sources of drugs will become extinct
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17
Q

risks of bringing species into a new area

A
  • outcompete native population

- might not be adapted to local conditions

18
Q

why is the number of species identified by scientists lower than actual number of species

A
  • not all areas explored
  • microscopic species difficult to see
  • concept of species difficult to define
19
Q

why is the number of species identified increasing rapidly

A

-improved identification techniques

20
Q

if the number of endangered species stays constant as number of species identified increases what does this suggest

A

conservation techniques working

21
Q

what does CITES stand for

A

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

22
Q

aims of CITES

A
  • regulate trade in endangered species
  • ensure trade doesnt endanger wild populations
  • prohibit wild plant trade
  • allow some trade in less endangered species
23
Q

aims of the Rio convention

A
  • sustainable use of ecosystems
  • share genetic resources
  • promotes ex situ conservation
  • share access to scientific knowledge
  • international cooperation
24
Q

how do organic fertilisers improve crop yields

A
  • add minerals to soil
  • nitrate phosphate potassium
  • nitrogen for protein
  • lack of minerals is limiting factor for growth
25
Q

inorganic fertilisers are not toxic to organisms but reduce biodiversity suggest how

A
  • promotes growth of one species
  • other species are outcompeted
  • reduction in soil quality
26
Q

why reduction in biodiversity will cause problems for agriculture

A
  • loss of genetic variation
  • lost genes may have been useful
  • eg gene for disease resistance
  • fewer pollinators
27
Q

when conserving species why is it important to get them from different areas

A
  • maintain genetic variation
  • reduced chance of disease affecting whole population
  • prevent interbreeding
28
Q

what do plants need phosphate for

A

nucleic acids

29
Q

why is nitrogen fertiliser needed

A
  • fertiliser replaces lost nitrogen
  • nitrogen removed from soil by plant (depletion)
  • fertilisers maintain yield
  • nitrogen for amino acids for protein synthesis
30
Q

factors to consider when selecting individuals for breeding programme

A
  • unrelated
  • of reproduction age
  • higher proportion of females
  • health
31
Q

how to ensure success of release programme after captive breeding

A
  • make sure individuals are healthy before release
  • adequate food supply
  • no hunting
  • tag individuals to monitor
32
Q

why might a species decrease in number

A
  • global warming
  • change too rapid for adaptation
  • outcompeted
  • disease
33
Q

when using sweep net how can you make sample more representative

A
  • standardised seeeping procedure
  • use of transect
  • sample at different times of year
  • sample many times and calculate mean
34
Q

explain importance of species evenness in determining biodiversity

A
  • number of individuals of each species
  • higher species evenness means higher biodiversity
  • low species evenness indicates dominance of a species
  • used for Simpsons index of biodiversity
35
Q

environmental impact assessment of motorway through ecosystem

A
  • biodiversity
  • endangered species
  • reduction in size of habitat due to development
  • strategies to minimise damage to species
36
Q

if there is a high simpsons index how does this affect planning of a development

A
  • high biodiversity
  • should be conserved
  • development reconsidered
37
Q

explain critically endangered

A

likely to become extinct

on verge of extinction

38
Q

long term ways to preserve species after breeding programme

A
  • ban hunting
  • reserves/sanctauries
  • breeding sites
  • protect habitat from destruction
39
Q

benefit of genetic diversity

A
  • allows for adaptation to changing environment

- provides variation for natural selection

40
Q

adaptation of plant in shallow waters

A

leaves with stomata on upper surface only

41
Q

what is species richness

A

number of species in an area

Wrong Exam Qs (41 decks)

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