cell division👯♀️👯♀️👯♀️👯♀️ Flashcards
how does yeast divide
budding
what is bacterial cell wall made of
peptidoglycan
difference between xylem cell wall and regular cell wall
- lignified
- thicker
- contains pits
how is genetic variation produced
- crossing over in prophase 1
- so chromatids have new combination of alleles
- independent assortment of chromatids in metaphase 1
- homologous chromosomes have different alleles
- produces large number of allele combinations
- mutations
- changes dna base sequence
- random fusion of gametes produces large number of allele combinations as gametes are genetically different
what do organisms need oxygen for
aerobic respiration
why does meiosis have twice as many stages as mitosis
- to halve number of chromosomes
- separate homologous pairs of chromosomes and separate sister chromatids
what are the possible effects of a mutation on the structure and function of a protein
- change to primary, secondary, tertiary structure which changes 3D shape
- protein may not be able to do its function anymore
- protein longer due to insertion or shorter due to deletion
- protein may be unchanged due to silent mutation
what feature of the dna molecule is changed due to mutation
sequence of bases
outline asexual reproduction in yeast
- mitosis
- bulge on surface of cell
- nucleus moves into bulge
- bulge pinches off
why must genetic material replicate before mitosis
- daughter cells are genetically identical
- so both can get full copy
function of squamous epithelium
short diffusion pathway
where is meristem tissue found
- just behind apex of shoot
- just behind apex of root
- cambium
- bud
how does plant cell division differ from animal cell division
- in plants, cell plate/wall forms between new cells
- in plants, cytokinesis starts from middle of cell, in animals, starts from outer edge
- in plants only occurs in meristem, most animal cells can divide
- plants have no centrioles
at high temperatures why does active transport stop
-enzymes denatured so ATP cannot be produced for energy
what does it mean if a cell spends all its time in G0 or G1
- does not divide
- may be specialised
- may be damage to dna
