Oral Cavity Flashcards
what are the most important features of the oral cavity?
the face can be moved to express what? facial movements are produced by?
Oral fissure Labial commissure Vermillion border Philtrum Mentolabial sulcus Nasolabial sulcus
emotions; muscles of facial expression
where do the muscles of facial expression originate and insert from?
bone; skin
what muscles regulate the movement of the lips and border the oral fissure?
Orbicularis oris (seals labial commissure) Zygomaticis major and minor (attach near corners of mouth and elevate corners) Depressor anguli oris Levator anguli oris Levator labii superioris Depressor labii inferioris Platysma Mentalis Buccinator
the facial muscles are innervated by what facial nerve?
cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve
what two bones make up the upper and lower jaw?
maxilla (hard palate) and mandible
what are the spaces that hold the teeth called?
alveolar processes and they are found in the maxillary and mandibular
what does the mandible include?
head, neck, ramus, angle, body, and coronoid process
this foramen is found on the medial surface of the ramus?
mandibular foramen
what separates the mandible from the temporal bone?
a disc, which is found Inside the joint capsule surrounding the TMJ, that serves as a cushion so that when the mouth is opened maximally , the head of the mandible slides anteriorly to the mandibular fossa
this joint allows for the oral cavity to open and close?
the temporomandibular joint which allows the head of the mandible to articulate with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa
where does the facial insert on the face and what does it divide into?
it appears posterior to the mandible and divides into 6 main branches:
posterior auricular temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical
what nerves of the facial nerve innervate the muscles that move the labial fissure?
Buccal, zygomatic, marginal mandibular
what branch of the cervical innervates the platysma?
cervical branch
what is the path of the facial nerve?
from the cranial cavity through the internal acoustics meatus and travels along the facial canal to the stylomastoid foramen forming its branches
this is a medical condition in which the facial nerve is affected and when this occurs the muscles of facial expression become flaccid and the face droops, the obicularis oris doesnt seal the mouth
bells palsy
how is the oral cavity bounded?
- anteriorly by lips
- laterally by cheeks
- posteriorly by fauces/oral pharynx
- superiorly by palate
- inferiorly by floor
what is the oral cavity lined by?
a mucous membrane
this is the posterior limit of the oral cavity; leads to the oropharynx
Glossopalatine arch
this lies posterior to the glossopalatine arch and extending from soft palate into the wall of the pharynx
Pharyngopalatine arch
these are located in the space or depression between the two arches
palatine tonsils
the space between the mouth and pharynx; bounded by soft palate and base of tongue and palatine arches
the isthmus of the fauces
fauces also means?
throat
what is the oral cavity subdivided into?
Oral cavity proper Oral vestibule (kept in the oral cavity)
what is the oral cavity proper?
the space bounded by the teeth
what is the oral vestibule?
the space between the cheeks and the gums
what is food chewed into?
bolus
what muscle prevents the bolus from accumulating in the vestibule? how?
the buccinator muscle which presses upon the buccal surfaces of the teeth thereby “closing” the vestibule.
the gums or gingiva include what structures?
Gingiva proper (attached) Alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva)
this is connected to the lateral surface of the tooth and adjacent to the vestibule?
Buccal gingiva
this is connected to medial surface of tooth; is adjacent to the tongue.
Lingual gingiva
Buccal gingiva
this is connected to lateral surface of the tooth and adjacent to the vestibule
Lingual gingiva
this is connected to medial surface of tooth; is adjacent to the tongue.
how are the lips attached to gums?
by a labial frenulum, superior and inferior
this is a condition due to inflammation of the gingiva usually due to poor hygiene. Food and bacteria may accumulate in gingival crevices. what can this progress to?
gingivitis; periodontitis (inflammation of bone)
what are the different types of teeth?
incisors
canines
premolars
molars
what are the incisors used for?
cutting
what are the canines used for?
stabbing
what are the premolars used for?
grinding
what are the molars used for?
grinding
what is the dental formula for remembering the teeth on one quadrant of the mouth? how many teeth total do we have?
2123
32
what are the gums?
also known as the gingiva, these adhere tightly to the neck of the teeth
what alveolar processes are the teeth located?
maxilla
mandible
what are the components of the teeth?
crown
neck
root
what is the pulp inside the tooth filled with?
connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves
what is the root canal?
connects the pulp cavity to surrounding tissue and facilitates passage of vessels and nerves into and out of the tooth.
what is the breakdown of hard tissues of the tooth?
dental caries
what are the dental caries?
breakdown of hard tissues of a tooth.
this is due to infection/inflammation that invades the pulp cavity after breaking through the enamel and dentin?
pulpitis, can be very painful as swelling tissue cannot expand the cavity
this is due to the infection of the pulp cavity and extends to the alveolar bone?
abscesses
what lies inferior to the tongue?
the floor of the mouth
what structures are visible on the floor?
lingual frenulum
sublingual caruncle
sublingual plica (fold)
this attaches inferior surface of tongue to floor
Lingual frenulum
this is a mound of tissue that, in this case, includes the opening of the duct of the submandibular gland, a salivary gland
Sublingual caruncle
this is a mound of tissue that covers the underlying sublingual gland, also a salivary gland
Sublingual plica (fold)
drugs such as nitroglycerin are taken for this medical condition? how?
angina pectoris; the medication is car be absorbed from the floor of the mouth into the deep lingual veins in less than 1 minute
what does the tongue consist of?
Root - attached
Body - mobile
Apex - tip of the tongue
briefly describe the tongue?
a muscular organ consisting of intrinsic (geniohyoid) and extrinsic muscles (genioglossus)
how does the tongue protrude?
genioglossus muscle
how is the tongue retracted?
Muscle from styloid process to tongue help to pull it back into oral cavity along with hyoid bone (hyoglossus)
what are the functions of the tongue?
chewing, swallowing, speaking and tasting.
what are the four types of papillae?
fungiform
filiform
vallate
foliate
this forms the roof of the mouth?
the palate that forms the hard palate and soft palate
what comprises the hard palate?
its a bony skeleton anterior to the soft palate
what is the soft palate?
no bony skeleton, the interior includes skeletal muscles
the posterior border at the median plane forms the uvula
laterally, the soft palate extends toward the tongue as the palatoglossal arch (also called the glossopalatine arch and the anterior pillar of fauces)
the inferior surface of the tongue is comprised of rugae?
These assist the tongue in forming a “bolus” as food is chewed. The mucosa is also rich in secretory palatine glands.
what is the hard palate?
the Bony portion formed by palatine process of maxillary bone and horizontal plate of palatine bones
Forms anterior portion of palate
what is Waldeyer’s Ring?
a collection of lymphatic tissue that surrounds the border between the oral cavity and oropharynx.
what three muscles are the powerful closers of the mouth?
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
which muscle protracts the jaw?
Lateral pterygoid – (The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle retract the jaw back into the mandibular fossa)
the muscles that close the mouth or protract it are innervated by?
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular.
posterior to the oral cavity is the?
oropharynx, a space shared by the respiratory and digestive systems
how is the oropharynx connected?
superiorly to the nasopharynx and inferiorly to the laryngopharynx.
what is the pharynx?
joint opening shared by respiratory and digestive systems.
what is the process of chewing and swallowing?
A food bolus, consisting of chewed food, is formed between the tongue and soft palate.
The bolus is shoved posteriorly by the root of the tongue into the oropharynx. (The tongue is raised superiorly and posteriorly by extrinsic muscles)
Skeletal muscles in the wall of the pharynx move the bolus into the laryngopharynx.
And then into the esophagus; peristaltic waves beginning in the apical end of the esophagus and traveling through the thoracic portion of the esophagus carry the bolus to the stomach.
things to consider:
Which muscles protrude the tongue?
Which muscles retract the tongue?
Which muscles elevate the tongue during swallowing?
try to look these up
