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MABS Medical Anatomy > Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what are the most important features of the oral cavity?

the face can be moved to express what? facial movements are produced by?

A 
Oral fissure
Labial commissure
Vermillion border
Philtrum
Mentolabial sulcus
Nasolabial sulcus

emotions; muscles of facial expression

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2
Q

where do the muscles of facial expression originate and insert from?

A

bone; skin

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3
Q

what muscles regulate the movement of the lips and border the oral fissure?

A 
Orbicularis oris (seals labial commissure)
 Zygomaticis major and minor (attach near corners of mouth and elevate corners)
 Depressor anguli oris
 Levator anguli oris
 Levator labii superioris
 Depressor labii inferioris
 Platysma
 Mentalis
 Buccinator
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4
Q

the facial muscles are innervated by what facial nerve?

A

cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve

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5
Q

what two bones make up the upper and lower jaw?

A

maxilla (hard palate) and mandible

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6
Q

what are the spaces that hold the teeth called?

A

alveolar processes and they are found in the maxillary and mandibular

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7
Q

what does the mandible include?

A

head, neck, ramus, angle, body, and coronoid process

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8
Q

this foramen is found on the medial surface of the ramus?

A

mandibular foramen

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9
Q

what separates the mandible from the temporal bone?

A

a disc, which is found Inside the joint capsule surrounding the TMJ, that serves as a cushion so that when the mouth is opened maximally , the head of the mandible slides anteriorly to the mandibular fossa

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10
Q

this joint allows for the oral cavity to open and close?

A

the temporomandibular joint which allows the head of the mandible to articulate with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa

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11
Q

where does the facial insert on the face and what does it divide into?

A

it appears posterior to the mandible and divides into 6 main branches:

posterior auricular
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical
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12
Q

what nerves of the facial nerve innervate the muscles that move the labial fissure?

A

Buccal, zygomatic, marginal mandibular

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13
Q

what branch of the cervical innervates the platysma?

A

cervical branch

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14
Q

what is the path of the facial nerve?

A

from the cranial cavity through the internal acoustics meatus and travels along the facial canal to the stylomastoid foramen forming its branches

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15
Q

this is a medical condition in which the facial nerve is affected and when this occurs the muscles of facial expression become flaccid and the face droops, the obicularis oris doesnt seal the mouth

A

bells palsy

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16
Q

how is the oral cavity bounded?

A
  • anteriorly by lips
  • laterally by cheeks
  • posteriorly by fauces/oral pharynx
  • superiorly by palate
  • inferiorly by floor
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17
Q

what is the oral cavity lined by?

A

a mucous membrane

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18
Q

this is the posterior limit of the oral cavity; leads to the oropharynx

A

Glossopalatine arch

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19
Q

this lies posterior to the glossopalatine arch and extending from soft palate into the wall of the pharynx

A

Pharyngopalatine arch

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20
Q

these are located in the space or depression between the two arches

A

palatine tonsils

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21
Q

the space between the mouth and pharynx; bounded by soft palate and base of tongue and palatine arches

A

the isthmus of the fauces

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22
Q

fauces also means?

A

throat

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23
Q

what is the oral cavity subdivided into?

A 
Oral cavity proper
Oral vestibule (kept in the oral cavity)
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24
Q

what is the oral cavity proper?

A

the space bounded by the teeth

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25
Q

what is the oral vestibule?

A

the space between the cheeks and the gums

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26
Q

what is food chewed into?

A

bolus

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27
Q

what muscle prevents the bolus from accumulating in the vestibule? how?

A

the buccinator muscle which presses upon the buccal surfaces of the teeth thereby “closing” the vestibule.

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28
Q

the gums or gingiva include what structures?

A 
Gingiva proper (attached)
 Alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva)
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29
Q

this is connected to the lateral surface of the tooth and adjacent to the vestibule?

A

Buccal gingiva

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30
Q

this is connected to medial surface of tooth; is adjacent to the tongue.

A

Lingual gingiva

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31
Q

Buccal gingiva

A

this is connected to lateral surface of the tooth and adjacent to the vestibule

32
Q

Lingual gingiva

A

this is connected to medial surface of tooth; is adjacent to the tongue.

33
Q

how are the lips attached to gums?

A

by a labial frenulum, superior and inferior

34
Q

this is a condition due to inflammation of the gingiva usually due to poor hygiene. Food and bacteria may accumulate in gingival crevices. what can this progress to?

A

gingivitis; periodontitis (inflammation of bone)

35
Q

what are the different types of teeth?

A

incisors
canines
premolars
molars

36
Q

what are the incisors used for?

A

cutting

37
Q

what are the canines used for?

A

stabbing

38
Q

what are the premolars used for?

A

grinding

39
Q

what are the molars used for?

A

grinding

40
Q

what is the dental formula for remembering the teeth on one quadrant of the mouth? how many teeth total do we have?

A

2123

32

41
Q

what are the gums?

A

also known as the gingiva, these adhere tightly to the neck of the teeth

42
Q

what alveolar processes are the teeth located?

A

maxilla

mandible

43
Q

what are the components of the teeth?

A

crown
neck
root

44
Q

what is the pulp inside the tooth filled with?

A

connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves

45
Q

what is the root canal?

A

connects the pulp cavity to surrounding tissue and facilitates passage of vessels and nerves into and out of the tooth.

46
Q

what is the breakdown of hard tissues of the tooth?

A

dental caries

47
Q

what are the dental caries?

A

breakdown of hard tissues of a tooth.

48
Q

this is due to infection/inflammation that invades the pulp cavity after breaking through the enamel and dentin?

A

pulpitis, can be very painful as swelling tissue cannot expand the cavity

49
Q

this is due to the infection of the pulp cavity and extends to the alveolar bone?

A

abscesses

50
Q

what lies inferior to the tongue?

A

the floor of the mouth

51
Q

what structures are visible on the floor?

A

lingual frenulum
sublingual caruncle
sublingual plica (fold)

52
Q

this attaches inferior surface of tongue to floor

A

Lingual frenulum

53
Q

this is a mound of tissue that, in this case, includes the opening of the duct of the submandibular gland, a salivary gland

A

Sublingual caruncle

54
Q

this is a mound of tissue that covers the underlying sublingual gland, also a salivary gland

A

Sublingual plica (fold)

55
Q

drugs such as nitroglycerin are taken for this medical condition? how?

A

angina pectoris; the medication is car be absorbed from the floor of the mouth into the deep lingual veins in less than 1 minute

56
Q

what does the tongue consist of?

A

Root - attached
Body - mobile
Apex - tip of the tongue

57
Q

briefly describe the tongue?

A

a muscular organ consisting of intrinsic (geniohyoid) and extrinsic muscles (genioglossus)

58
Q

how does the tongue protrude?

A

genioglossus muscle

59
Q

how is the tongue retracted?

A

Muscle from styloid process to tongue help to pull it back into oral cavity along with hyoid bone (hyoglossus)

60
Q

what are the functions of the tongue?

A

chewing, swallowing, speaking and tasting.

61
Q

what are the four types of papillae?

A

fungiform
filiform
vallate
foliate

62
Q

this forms the roof of the mouth?

A

the palate that forms the hard palate and soft palate

63
Q

what comprises the hard palate?

A

its a bony skeleton anterior to the soft palate

64
Q

what is the soft palate?

A

no bony skeleton, the interior includes skeletal muscles

the posterior border at the median plane forms the uvula

laterally, the soft palate extends toward the tongue as the palatoglossal arch (also called the glossopalatine arch and the anterior pillar of fauces)

65
Q

the inferior surface of the tongue is comprised of rugae?

A

These assist the tongue in forming a “bolus” as food is chewed. The mucosa is also rich in secretory palatine glands.

66
Q

what is the hard palate?

A

the Bony portion formed by palatine process of maxillary bone and horizontal plate of palatine bones

Forms anterior portion of palate

67
Q

what is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

a collection of lymphatic tissue that surrounds the border between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

68
Q

what three muscles are the powerful closers of the mouth?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

69
Q

which muscle protracts the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid – (The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle retract the jaw back into the mandibular fossa)

70
Q

the muscles that close the mouth or protract it are innervated by?

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

71
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular.

72
Q

posterior to the oral cavity is the?

A

oropharynx, a space shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

73
Q

how is the oropharynx connected?

A

superiorly to the nasopharynx and inferiorly to the laryngopharynx.

74
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

joint opening shared by respiratory and digestive systems.

75
Q

what is the process of chewing and swallowing?

A

A food bolus, consisting of chewed food, is formed between the tongue and soft palate.

The bolus is shoved posteriorly by the root of the tongue into the oropharynx. (The tongue is raised superiorly and posteriorly by extrinsic muscles)

Skeletal muscles in the wall of the pharynx move the bolus into the laryngopharynx.

And then into the esophagus; peristaltic waves beginning in the apical end of the esophagus and traveling through the thoracic portion of the esophagus carry the bolus to the stomach.

76
Q

things to consider:

Which muscles protrude the tongue?
Which muscles retract the tongue?
Which muscles elevate the tongue during swallowing?

A

try to look these up

MABS Medical Anatomy (35 decks)

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