lecture 18 Flashcards
abdominal wall and gluteal region
what are the three functions of the abdomen?
protection, breathing, pressure
what comprises the borders of the abdominal wall?
muscle and bone
name the borders of the abdomen
anterolateral
superior
inferior
posterior
what comprises the anterolateral wall?
musculoaponeurotic walls
what comprises the superior wall?
diaphragm
what comprises the inferior wall?
pelvic inlet (internally) and the superior margin of the lower limb (superficially)
what comprises the posterior wall?
the lumbar vertebrae, lower ribs and muscle
what do we mean by muscluoaponeurotic walls?
muscles of the belly laterally and as they move medially they turn into an aponeurosis (tissue that part of muscle belly and becomes a fibrous tissue to the distal attachment site of that muscle)
what supports the anterolateral musculoaponeurotic walls?
two bony rings and the vertebral column, the two bony rings being the inferior margin of the thoracic skeleton and pelvic girdle
name and describe the layers of the abdominal wall
Skin
Superficial fatty layer called camper fascia
Deep membraneous layer called scarpa’s fascia
Three flat muscles in the anterior abdominal wall: External abdominal oblique, internal oblique, then transversus abdominis
Endoabdominal fascia or transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat coveing viscera of abdomen
Parietal peritoneum once pierced you are in the perotineal cavity and abdominal organs
what is significant about the superficial fascia?
a major site of fat storage
what are the layers of the superficial fascia we talked about in class?
superficial fatty layer (camper’s fascia)
deeper membranous layer (scrapa’s fascia)
what are the two groups of muscles that comprise the anterolateral muscles? what are the innervations for both these groups of muscles?
flat muscles and vertical muscles; thoracoabdominal nerves
what are the muscles in the flat group of muscles within the Anterolateral muscles?
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus oblique
what are the muscles in the vertical group of muscles within the Anterolateral muscles?
rectus abdominis adn pyramidalis
which of the flat muscles are the largest and most superficial?
the external obliques and the direction of these fibers move like “hands in pockets”
what are the directions of the fiber movement in flat muscles?
perpendicular to external oblique
what are the deepest of the flat muscles and how do these muscle fibers run?
tranversus abdominis; the fibers run horizontally
what is the name of the sheath enclosing the two vertical muscles formed by aponeurosis of the flat muscles?
rectus sheath