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MABS Medical Anatomy > lecture 6 > Flashcards

lecture 6 Flashcards

pelvic girdle and lower extremity

1
Q

identify the three bones that fused to form the coxal bones?

A

ilium, pubis, and the ischium

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2
Q

what are the features of the ischium?

A 
lateral aspect:
acetabulum
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch
ischial tuberosity
ramus of ischium
medial aspect:
body of ischium
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch
ramus of ischium
ischial tuberosity
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3
Q

what are the features of the ilium?

A 
lateral aspect:
ala
body
iliac crest
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
greater sciatic notch
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
medial aspect:
iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
iliac fossaanterior inferior iliac spine
arcuate line
tuberosity of ilium
articular surface of ilium
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
greater sciatic notch
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4
Q

what are the features of the pubis?

A

lateral aspect:
pubic tubercle

medial aspect:
pecten pubis 
superior ramus of the pubis
body of pubis
inferior ramus of the pubis
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5
Q

identify the components of the pelvic brim?

A

also known as the pelvic inlet, comprised of the sacral promontory, the arcuate lines, iliopectineal lines, pubis symphysis

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6
Q

Distinguish between the true pelvis and the false pelvis.

A

region superior to pelvic brim and comprises inferior portion of abdominal cavity; region inferior to pelvic brim

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7
Q

Identify the pelvic outlet and the axis of the pelvis and it

A

pelvic outlet is the level of inferior tips of coccyx to inferior tip of pubic symphysis; the axis of the pelvis can be found when you draw perpendicular lines though the pelvic inlet and then following axis of concavity and so this is the path of baby’s head during parturition

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8
Q

Distinguish between the male and female pelvis.

A

refer to note

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9
Q

what are the bones of the lower extremity?

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals and phalanges

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10
Q

where is the femur?

A

articulates with the coxal bone proximally and the patella and tibia distally

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11
Q

what are the anatomical features of the femur?

A

fovea capitus, neck, greater/lessor trochanters, gluteal tuberosity and linear aspera, medal/lateral condyles, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface, adductor tubercle

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12
Q

where is the fovea capitus?

A

depression within the head of the femur and attachment site for the ligament that secures the head to the acetabulum

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13
Q

what is the significance of the head of the femur?

A

it connects the head to the shaft of the femur and the most common site for pelvic fractures

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14
Q

what is the most common site for pelvic fractures?

A

the neck

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15
Q

T/F, the Q angle is used in association with the neck?

A

T, angle formed by a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine through the center of the patella and a line drawn from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle

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16
Q

what are the typical values for men?women?

A

12 degrees for men, 17 degrees for women

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17
Q

what happens with an increased Q angle?

A

genu valgum or knock knees

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18
Q

what happens with decreased Q angle?

A

bowed legs, this condition and knock knees can give rise to knee pathologies

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19
Q

where are the lesser and greater trochanters?

A

projections that serve as attachment points for gluteal and thigh muscles

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20
Q

what are the anatomic features of the greater and lesser trochanters?

A

inter trochanter crest, located between greater and lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter which is used as a landmark for IM injections in the lateral thigh

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21
Q

what are the gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera?

A

features on posterior femur for muscle attachment

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22
Q

what do the medial and lateral condyles articulate with?

A

articulate with corresponding structures of tibia

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23
Q

what is the intercondylar fossa?

A

site of cruciate ligaments

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24
Q

what is the adductor tubercle?

A

site of muscle attachment

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25
Q

what is the patella?

A

the sesamoid bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris and increases muscle leverage and maintain position of tendon when leg is flexed

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26
Q

what are the components of the patella?

A

the base(broad superior region) and the apex (pointed inferior region)

27
Q

so the patella has paired articular facets on the posterior surface that articulate with what?

A

the distal femur

28
Q

what type of clinical correlation can we see with injury to the patella?

A

runner’s knee&raquo_space; caused by over use of improper tracking of patella over femur

29
Q

where is the tibia?

A

medial bone of the leg

30
Q

what comprises the tibia?

A 
lateral and medial condyle
intercondylar eminence
tibial tuberosity
medial malleolus
anterior crest
31
Q

how does the tibia articulate with the fibula?

A

via the proximal tibiofibular joint and the distal tibiofibular joint

32
Q

what is the fibula?

A

lateral bone of the leg

33
Q

what is the anatomical feature of the fibula?

A

the lateral malleolus

34
Q

where is the lateral malleolus?

A

lateral prominence of the ankle that articulates with talus

35
Q

T/F, the fibula bears a great deal of weight?

A

F, it heals rapidly and used as a source for graft bone

36
Q

what are the tarsal bones?

A

talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiform and so remember the mnemonic = Tiger Cubs Need MILC

37
Q

what are the functions for the arch of the foot?

A

allows for weight distribution, not rigid (shock absorbers), provides leverage during walking

38
Q

when are the arches fully developed?

A

developed by 12

39
Q

how can clinical applications be applied to the arches of the feet?

A

flat feet, pes cavus, congenital talipes, bunion

40
Q

what can be noted about the flat foot?

A

it can be asymptomatic, occurs due to loosening of tendons and ligaments that support the arch, not treated if not associated with pain

41
Q

what can be noted about the pes cavus (high arches)?

A

can be a normal asymptomatic anatomical variant or can be due to different neurological disorders

42
Q

what does pes cavus mean?

A

high arches

43
Q

what does talipes mean?

A

club foot

44
Q

what can be noted about congenital talipes?

A

feet turned medially and inverted, genetic factors plus in utero positioning thought to play a role

45
Q

what is a bunion?

A

lateral deviation of the hallux

46
Q

how does a bunion occur?

A

genetic in origin and so this leads to improper bone structure and loose tendons and so can be considered genetic deformity that can lead to bunion and aggravated by footwear

47
Q

what are the spines of the ilium?

A

posterior superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine

48
Q

what features can be found on the medial surface of the ilium?

A

iliac fossa, iliac tuberosity, auricular surface, arcuate line

49
Q

what is the iliac fossa?

A

cavity for muscle attachment

50
Q

what is the iliac tuberosity?

A

site of attachment for the sacroiliac ligament

51
Q

what articulates with the auricular surface?

A

articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

52
Q

what is the greater sciatic notch?

A

allows passage of sciatic nerve

53
Q

what is the pubis?

A

it consists of a body plus an inferior and a superior ramus

54
Q

what are the features of the pubis?

A

surface for the pubic symphysis, pubic tubercle, iliopectineal line and the pubic arch

55
Q

how is the pubic arch formed?

A

formed by the inferior rami of both pubes

56
Q

what comprises the ischium?

A

body and ramus

57
Q

what is the body of the ischium comprised of?

A

ischial spine and lesser sciatic notch

58
Q

what is the ramus of the ischium comprised of?

A

ischial tuberosity

59
Q

what is significant about the ischial tuberosity located on the ramus of the ischium?

A

known as the sitter bone and a great landmark to find everything relative to it

60
Q

this is known as the sitter bone and a great landmark to find everything relative to it?

A

the ischial tuberosity

61
Q

why is the articulation of the ramus with the inferior ramus of the pubis important?

A

it forms the obturator (closed up) foramen and allows passage of nerves and blood vessels, but mostly sealed with fibrous tissue

62
Q

what is the acetabulum (vinegar cup)?

A

socket for the head of the femur

63
Q

what are the features of the acetabulum?

A

its formed at the juncture of the iliac, ischium, and pubis and the acetabular notch which gives rise to foramen that allows nutrient vessels to service joint

MABS Medical Anatomy (35 decks)

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