Ophthalmology Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Eye has reduced ability to focus on near objects because of age

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2
Q

What is emmetropia?

A

No refractive errpr

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3
Q

What is hypermetropia?

A

Long-sightedness

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4
Q

What is myopia?

A

Short sightedness (eye is larger)

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5
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

Not a perfectly curved lens, leads to blurriness

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6
Q

Name extra-ocular muscles?

A
Medial rectus (CN III)
Lateral rectus (CN VI)
Inferior rectus (CN III)
Superior rectus (CN III)
Superior oblique (CN IV)
Inferior oblique (CN III)
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7
Q

What muscle and nerve does looking up test?

A

Superior rectus/Inferior oblique

CN III

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8
Q

What muscle/nerve does looking up and latreally test?

A

Superior rectus

CN III

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9
Q

What muscle/nerve does looking laterally test?

A

Lateral rectus

CN VI

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10
Q

What muscle/nerve does looking down and laterally test?

A

Inferior rectus

CN III

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11
Q

What muscle/nerve does looking down test?

A

Inferior rectus/Superior oblique

CN III/CN IV

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12
Q

What muscle/nerve does looking down and medially test?

A

Superior oblique

CN III

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13
Q

What muscle/nerve does looking medially test?

A

Medial rectus

CN III

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14
Q

What muscle/nerve does looking medially and up test?

A

Inferior oblique

CN III

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15
Q

Where are cones mainly situated?

A

Fovea

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16
Q

Rods are not where?

17
Q

What produces the aqueous humour?

A

Ciliary body

18
Q

What is the usual intra-ocular pressure normally?

19
Q

What is consensual response?

A

Light shining in on eye causing constriction of the pupil (direct response) and in the other eye (consensual response) so both eyes contract

20
Q

What does PS innervation to the pupil cause?

A

Constriction

21
Q

What type of drugs constrict the pupil?

A

Miotics

eg pilocarpine

22
Q

What does sympathetic innervation cause?

23
Q

Which type of drugs dilate pupil?

A

Mydriatics

eg tropicamide, atropine

24
Q

What is definition of keratitis?

A

Infection of cornea

25
What is endopthalmitis?
Infection of the entire eye
26
Corneal reflex is?
Process of blinking
27
Nerves involves in afferent limbs of corneal reflex?
CN V1 Branches | CN V to pons
28
Efferent limbs of corneal relfex nerves?
CN VII