Open ended questions

Question 1

Define: incomplete dominance, complete dominance, and codominance. Give an example of each.

Answer 1

in deck

Question 2

Incomplete dominance

Answer 2

-the phenotype of f1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the 2 parentals varieties
-EX red and white flowers mix and produce pink flowers

Question 3

complete dominance

Answer 3

• the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable
  -EX red and white flowers mix and produce red flowers

Question 4

codominance

Answer 4

-two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways
-EX red and white flowers mix and produce red and white flowers

Question 5

How does linkage between two genes affect inheritance of characters?

Answer 5

-resulted in a much higher proportion of the combinations of traits seen in the P generation than would be expected if the two genes assorted independently.

Question 6

3. Describe three alternative models of DNA replication. Which model was proven to be correct?

Answer 6

-conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive models
-semiconservative is proven to be correct

Question 7

conservative model

Answer 7

-two parental strands reassociate after acting as templates for new strands, thus restoring the parental double helix

Question 8

semiconservative model

Answer 8

-two strands of the parental molecule separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complimentary strand

Question 9

dispersive model

Answer 9

-each strand of both daughter molecules contain a mixture of old and newly synthesized DNA

Question 10

How can mutations such as base-pair substitutions (misssense and nonsense), insertions, and deletions affect protein structure and function?

Answer 10

-base pair substitutions can alter protein activity by either speeding up, slowing down, or stopping activity completely
-insertions and deletions can alter the reading frame of the genetic message

Question 11

Compare and contrast a repressible operon verses an inducible operon. Give an example of each.

Answer 11

in deck

Question 12

repressible operon

Answer 12

-operon that is usually on, binding of a repressor to the operator shuts off transcription

Question 13

inducible operon

Answer 13

-one that is usually off, molecule called an inducer inactivated the repressor and turns on transcription

Question 14

Describe the elongation stage of translation

Answer 14

-during elongation, amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain
-occurs in 3 stages
-codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation

Question 15

Describe the organization of a typical eukaryotic gene

Answer 15

-Each eukaryotic gene has a promoter, a DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds and starts transcription.
- A number of control elements are involved in regulating the initiation of transcription.