CH 11 Flashcards
Mating types of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae
-a and α
Three processes of cells receiving signals
-reception
-transduction
-response
Signal transduction pathway
-a series of steps linking a chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulus to a specific cellular response
Ligand
-a molecule that specifically binds to another (often larger) molecule
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
-cell-surface transmembrane receptors that work with the help of G-protein
G protein
-binds the energy-rich GTP
-similar in structure
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)
-membrane receptors that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to another protein
Ligand-gated ion channel
-acts as a gate that opens and closes when the receptor changed shape
Protein kinase
-transfers phosphates from ATP to protein
phosphorylation cascade
-many relay molecules in signal transduction pathways are protein kinases
-makes the cascade
Protein phosphatases
-rapidly remove the phosphates from protiens
Dephosphorylation
-Protein phosphatases rapidly remove the phosphates from proteins
phosphorylation
Protein kinase transfers phosphates from ATP to protein
Second messengers
-small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecules or ions that spread throughtout a cell by diffusion
-participate in pathways initiated by GPCRs and RTKs
Second messengers
-small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecules or ions that spread throughout a cell by diffusion
-participate in pathways initiated by GPCRs and RTKs
