CH 21

Question 1

Genomics

Answer 1

-the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions

Question 2

Bioinformatics

Answer 2

-the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data

Question 3

Human Genome Project

Answer 3

-1990-2003
-sequencing of the human genome

Question 4

whole-genome shotgun approach

Answer 4

-starts with the cloning and sequencing of DNA fragments from randomly cut DNA

Question 5

metagenomics

Answer 5

-in which DNA from a group of species in an environmental sample is sequenced

Question 6

gene annotation

Answer 6

-The identification of protein-coding genes within DNA sequences in a database

Question 7

proteome

Answer 7

-the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell or group of cells

Question 8

Proteomics

Answer 8

-an approach to studying large sets of proteins and their properties

Question 9

systems biology

Answer 9

-aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on the study of the interactions among the systems parts

Question 10

Pseudogenes

Answer 10

-former genes that have accumulated mutations and are nonfunctional

Question 11

Repetitive DNA

Answer 11

-present in multiple copies in the genome

Question 12

transposable elements

Answer 12

-stretches of DNA that can move from one location to another within the genome

Question 13

Transposons

Answer 13

-move by means of a DNA intermediate and require a transposase enzyme

Question 14

Retrotransposons

Answer 14

-move by means of an RNA intermediate using a reverse transcriptase

Question 15

simple sequence DNA

Answer 15

-stretches of DNA
-contains many copies of tandemly repeated short sequences

Question 16

short tandem repeat (STR)

Answer 16

-A series of repeating units of 2 to 5 nucleotides

Question 17

multigene families

Answer 17

-collections of two or more identical or very similar genes

Question 18

homeobox

Answer 18

-180-nucleotide sequence