CH 22

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

–decent with modification
-a change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation

Question 2

catastrophism

Answer 2

-theory that earth was shaped by sudden, short, violent events

Question 3

uniformitarianism

Answer 3

-a theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform process
-constant and equal
-opposite of catastrophism

Question 4

adaptations

Answer 4

-inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in specific environments
-modification
-giraffe example in class

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

-a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than others

Question 6

Decent with modification

Answer 6

-evolution

Question 7

artificial selection

Answer 7

observation/inferences below

Question 8

observation 1

Answer 8

-members of a population often vary in their inherited traits
-genetic variation
-EX ladybugs and spots

Question 9

observation 2

Answer 9

-all species can produce more offspring than their environment can support
-survival of the fittest

Question 10

inference 1

Answer 10

-individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than others

Question 11

inference 2

Answer 11

-this unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits in the population over generations

Question 12

key features of natural selection

Answer 12

A1, A2, A3

Question 13

A1

Answer 13

individuals do not evolve, populations evolve over time

Question 14

A2

Answer 14

-natural selection can amplify/diminish only those heritable traits that differ among the individuals of the population
–EX color of moths during industrial revolution

Question 15

A3

Answer 15

-environmental factors vary from place to place
-if an individual move to a new place, natural selection may result in adaptation to new conditions, giving raise to new species

Question 16

evidence of evolution

Answer 16

-E1, E2, E3, E4

Question 17

E1

Answer 17

-researchers have directly observed natural selection leading to evolution in many studies in diverse organisms

Question 18

E2

Answer 18

-organisms share characteristics because of common descent or because natural selection affects independently evolving species in similar environments in similar ways

Question 19

E3

Answer 19

-fossils show that past organisms differed from living organisms, many have gone extinct/evolved over time
-fossils also document evolutionary origin of new groups of organisms

Question 20

E4

Answer 20

-evolutionary theory can explain some biogeographic patterns