open ended from 1st test Flashcards
covalent bond
-atoms share a pair of valence electrons
ionic bonds
-cations and anions attract each other
-keeps temps within limit that permit life
Describe two properties of water that allows it to be the molecule that supports all of life.
-hydrogen bonding
-high specific heat
hydrogen bonding
- creates cohesion and surface tension
high specific heat
-hydrogen bonds break and form they absorb and release heat
structural isomers
-covalent bonds that differ in arrangement
-EX 2 5 carbon compounds
cis-trans isomers
-differ due to inflexability of a double bond
enantiomers
-mirror isomers
-EX methamphetamines
why do carbons chemical characteristics make it more versatile than other atoms (for example oxygen).
-carbons have 4 valence electrons
-can bond with up to 4 other atoms
saturated fats
-no double bonds
-EX butter- packed together
unsaturated fats
-one or more double bonds
-EX oil- not packed together
How are polymers synthesized and broken down?
-broken down via dehydration reaction
-disassembled via hydrolysis (reverse of dehydration reaction)
4 levels of protein structure
-primary
-secondary
-tertiary
-quaternary
primary protein structure
-sequence of amino aids
secondary protein structure
-folds and coils of polypeptide chain
-due to H bonds between back bone atoms
