old exams

Question 1

name one area of the brain (lobe) that is most vulnerable to injury by a blow (coup or contra coup) to the head

Answer 1

frontal

Question 2

truamatic brain injury may include all of the following but:

a. diffuse axonal injury (DAI) caused by a fall
b. contusions
c. hematomas (subdural + epidural)
d. embolic storke
e. a blow to the head

Answer 2

d. embolic stroke

Question 3

which of the following is correct about seizures and epilepsy?

a. a seizure is an abnormal discharge of neurons
b. seizure could cause sudden + brief abnormalities of brain function
c. epilepsy is defined as recurrent seizures of unknown etiology
d. seizures caused by metabolic abnormalities that can be corrected are not considered an epileptic disorder
e. all of the above

Answer 3

e. all of the above

Question 4

during which of the following seizures there is a loss of consciousness?

a. petit mal
b. grand mal
c. complex partial
d. all of the above
e. focal (partial)

Answer 4

d. all of the above (not focal)

Question 5

where are brain tumors in children mostly found?

Answer 5

brainstem + cerebellum

Question 6

name a movement disorder that is considered hyperkinetic movement disorder

Answer 6

hemiballismus

Question 7

what brain region is a key neural substrate for working (short-term) memory

Answer 7

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 8

which brain region is a key nueral substrate for procedural memory involving motor skill learning?

Answer 8

basal ganglia

Question 9

which of the conditions below lead to hippocampus damage + lasting memory loss?

a. anoxia/hypoxia
b. degenerative diseases (Alzheimers)
c. a stroke in a hippocampal artery
d. all of the above
e. transiet global amnesia

Answer 9

d. all of the above

Question 10

which of the following regions is included in what is considered the prefrontal cortex?

a. the frontal eye field
b. primary motor cortex
c. broca’s area
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 10

e. none of the above

Question 11

which of the following neuropsych tasks is the most sensitive to detecting decision making impairments in patients with OFC/VM

a. controlled oral word association test
b. tower of hanoi
c. the wisconsin card sorting task
d. block design
e. iowa gambling task

Answer 11

e. iowa gambling task

Question 12

the clinical characteristics of patients with OFC/VM damage include

a. decisions + actions that often lead to losses of diverse order, including losses in financial status, social standing
b. full awareness of what is right and what is wrong, failure to act accordingly
c. lack of insight or awareness that they have a problem
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 12

d. all of the above

Question 13

a subdural hematoma is a hemorrhage that occurs on:

a. the outside oof the dura matter (between dura + skull)
b. outside of the arachnoid matter (between dura + arachnoid)
c. the outside of the pia matter (between pia + arachnoid)
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 13

b. outside of the arachnoid (between dura + arachnoid)

Question 14

which of the following is not the name of a ventricle inside the brain?

a. lateral ventricle
b. fifth ventricle
c. fourth ventricle
d. third ventricle
e. all of the above

Answer 14

b. fifth ventricle

Question 15

neuropsychological disturbances in judgement + decision making occur after a stroke that involves which of the following arteries

a. anterior cerebral artery
b. posterior cerebral artery
c. middle cerebral artery
d. opthalmic
e. all of the above

Answer 15

. anterior cerebral artery

Question 16

major basilar artery stroke occurred, lesion involved dorsal sector

coma or locked in?

Answer 16

coma

Question 17

major basilar artery stroke, lesion in ventral half of pons

coma or locked in?

Answer 17

locked in syndrome

Question 18

lesions in spinothalamic tract cause a person to lose what funciton

Answer 18

sensory: pain + temperature

Question 19

lesions in the dorsal columns/medial leminscus pathway cause a person to lose what function?

Answer 19

touch, vibration, sense of position

Question 20

which of the following is a sing up upper motor neuron lesion?

a. spastic paralysis
b. hyper reflexia
c. babinski sign
d. clonus
e. all of the above

Answer 20

all of the above

Question 21

name one function of the trigeminal nerve (5)

Answer 21

temperature + pain in face

Question 22

the hypoglossal nerve is the primary nerve that innervates which part of the body

a. muscles of the tongue
b. pharnyx + larynx
c. muscles of the face
d. muscles of the eye
e. all of the above

Answer 22

a. muscles in the tongue

Question 23

which of the following functions belong to the vagus nerve

a. parasympathetic innervtion to the salivary and lacrimal glands
b. sensory to tetth, mouth, skin on the face
c. motor to muscles of facial expressions
d. motor to muscles of the tongue
e. taste from the epiglottis (at the very back of the posterior tongue)

Answer 23

e. taste from the epiglottis (back of the posterior tongue)

Question 24

when a paralysis of both the upper and lower msucles of the face is observed, the condition is referred to as peripheral or central facial nerve palsy

Answer 24

peripheral

Question 25

the cerebellopontine angle tumor (acoustic neuroma) usually causes the following signs

a. tinnitus
b. gradual hearing loss
c. loss of corneal reflex
d. cerebellar signs
e. all of the above

Answer 25

e. all of the above

Question 26

which of the following CNs carry taste signals to the brain

a. the facial nerve
b. glossopharyngeal nerve
c. vagus nerve
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 26

d. all of the above

Question 27

damage to the cerebellum usually causes cerebellar signs on which side of the body?

Answer 27

ipsilateral to the side of the lesion

Question 28

all of the following are cerebellar signs except

a. ataxia
b. hypotonia
c. asynergia
d. nystagmus
e. reseting tremor

Answer 28

e. resting tremor

Question 29

damage tot he subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia leads to which neuro condition

Answer 29

hemiballismus

Question 30

what is the primary function of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus

Answer 30

a memory and limbic emotion function

Question 31

the thalamic pain syndrome paradoxically occurs after damage to which functional area of the thalamus?

a. the lateral geniculate body
b. the motor areas that receive input form the cerebellum + basal ganglia
c. lateral nuclear group receiving the sensory pathways from the spinal cord + trigeminal nerve
d. medial geniculate boyd
e. the pulvinar

Answer 31

c. the lateral nuclear group receiving the sensory pathways from the spinal cord + trigeminal nerve