old exams Flashcards
name one area of the brain (lobe) that is most vulnerable to injury by a blow (coup or contra coup) to the head
frontal
truamatic brain injury may include all of the following but:
a. diffuse axonal injury (DAI) caused by a fall
b. contusions
c. hematomas (subdural + epidural)
d. embolic storke
e. a blow to the head
d. embolic stroke
which of the following is correct about seizures and epilepsy?
a. a seizure is an abnormal discharge of neurons
b. seizure could cause sudden + brief abnormalities of brain function
c. epilepsy is defined as recurrent seizures of unknown etiology
d. seizures caused by metabolic abnormalities that can be corrected are not considered an epileptic disorder
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
during which of the following seizures there is a loss of consciousness?
a. petit mal
b. grand mal
c. complex partial
d. all of the above
e. focal (partial)
d. all of the above (not focal)
where are brain tumors in children mostly found?
brainstem + cerebellum
name a movement disorder that is considered hyperkinetic movement disorder
hemiballismus
what brain region is a key neural substrate for working (short-term) memory
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
which brain region is a key nueral substrate for procedural memory involving motor skill learning?
basal ganglia
which of the conditions below lead to hippocampus damage + lasting memory loss?
a. anoxia/hypoxia
b. degenerative diseases (Alzheimers)
c. a stroke in a hippocampal artery
d. all of the above
e. transiet global amnesia
d. all of the above
which of the following regions is included in what is considered the prefrontal cortex?
a. the frontal eye field
b. primary motor cortex
c. broca’s area
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
which of the following neuropsych tasks is the most sensitive to detecting decision making impairments in patients with OFC/VM
a. controlled oral word association test
b. tower of hanoi
c. the wisconsin card sorting task
d. block design
e. iowa gambling task
e. iowa gambling task
the clinical characteristics of patients with OFC/VM damage include
a. decisions + actions that often lead to losses of diverse order, including losses in financial status, social standing
b. full awareness of what is right and what is wrong, failure to act accordingly
c. lack of insight or awareness that they have a problem
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
a subdural hematoma is a hemorrhage that occurs on:
a. the outside oof the dura matter (between dura + skull)
b. outside of the arachnoid matter (between dura + arachnoid)
c. the outside of the pia matter (between pia + arachnoid)
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
b. outside of the arachnoid (between dura + arachnoid)
which of the following is not the name of a ventricle inside the brain?
a. lateral ventricle
b. fifth ventricle
c. fourth ventricle
d. third ventricle
e. all of the above
b. fifth ventricle
neuropsychological disturbances in judgement + decision making occur after a stroke that involves which of the following arteries
a. anterior cerebral artery
b. posterior cerebral artery
c. middle cerebral artery
d. opthalmic
e. all of the above
. anterior cerebral artery
major basilar artery stroke occurred, lesion involved dorsal sector
coma or locked in?
coma
major basilar artery stroke, lesion in ventral half of pons
coma or locked in?
locked in syndrome
lesions in spinothalamic tract cause a person to lose what funciton
sensory: pain + temperature
lesions in the dorsal columns/medial leminscus pathway cause a person to lose what function?
touch, vibration, sense of position
which of the following is a sing up upper motor neuron lesion?
a. spastic paralysis
b. hyper reflexia
c. babinski sign
d. clonus
e. all of the above
all of the above
name one function of the trigeminal nerve (5)
temperature + pain in face
the hypoglossal nerve is the primary nerve that innervates which part of the body
a. muscles of the tongue
b. pharnyx + larynx
c. muscles of the face
d. muscles of the eye
e. all of the above
a. muscles in the tongue
which of the following functions belong to the vagus nerve
a. parasympathetic innervtion to the salivary and lacrimal glands
b. sensory to tetth, mouth, skin on the face
c. motor to muscles of facial expressions
d. motor to muscles of the tongue
e. taste from the epiglottis (at the very back of the posterior tongue)
e. taste from the epiglottis (back of the posterior tongue)
when a paralysis of both the upper and lower msucles of the face is observed, the condition is referred to as peripheral or central facial nerve palsy
peripheral
the cerebellopontine angle tumor (acoustic neuroma) usually causes the following signs
a. tinnitus
b. gradual hearing loss
c. loss of corneal reflex
d. cerebellar signs
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
which of the following CNs carry taste signals to the brain
a. the facial nerve
b. glossopharyngeal nerve
c. vagus nerve
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
damage to the cerebellum usually causes cerebellar signs on which side of the body?
ipsilateral to the side of the lesion
all of the following are cerebellar signs except
a. ataxia
b. hypotonia
c. asynergia
d. nystagmus
e. reseting tremor
e. resting tremor
damage tot he subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia leads to which neuro condition
hemiballismus
what is the primary function of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus
a memory and limbic emotion function
the thalamic pain syndrome paradoxically occurs after damage to which functional area of the thalamus?
a. the lateral geniculate body
b. the motor areas that receive input form the cerebellum + basal ganglia
c. lateral nuclear group receiving the sensory pathways from the spinal cord + trigeminal nerve
d. medial geniculate boyd
e. the pulvinar
c. the lateral nuclear group receiving the sensory pathways from the spinal cord + trigeminal nerve
