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PSYC 424 > Brain Stem + Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain Stem + Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 major subdivisions of the brainstem?

A
  1. medulla
  2. pons
  3. midbrain
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2
Q

what is a key concept about the caudal medulla?

A
  • resembles rostral spinal cord

- same pathways for sensory + motor nuclei

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3
Q

CN 1

A

ofactory

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4
Q

CN 2

A

Optic

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5
Q

CN 3

A

Oculomotor

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6
Q

CN 4

A

Trochlear

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7
Q

CN 5

A

Trigeminal

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8
Q

CN 6

A

Abducens

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9
Q

CN 7

A

Facial

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10
Q

CN 8

A

Vestibulocochlear

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11
Q

CN 9

A

Glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

CN 10

A

Vagus

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13
Q

CN 11

A

Acessory

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14
Q

CN 12

A

Hypoglossal

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15
Q

which cranial nerves do we encounter in the medulla?

A

12, 11, 10, 9, 5

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16
Q

which cranial nerves do we encounter in the pons?

A

6, 7, 8

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17
Q

Trigeminal Nerve (5)

A
  1. motor
  2. sensory
    - pain + temp (face)
    - tactile
  3. position sense (jaw)
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18
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. ophthalmic
  2. maxillary
  3. mandibular
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19
Q

what type of sensory deficits are involved with the trigeminal nerve?

A

-loss of pain + temp on face
-loss of touch-pressure on face
-loss of position sense in jaw
(all ipsilateral)

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20
Q

what reflex is related to a deficit in the trigeminal nerve?

A

corneal reflex

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21
Q

what are the motor deficits in a damaged trigeminal nerve?

A

ipsilateral muscle paralysis in jaw

22
Q

what kind of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

strictly motor nerve that supplies muscle and tongue

23
Q

what is a result of lesions in the hypoglossal nerve?

A

ipsilateral paralysis atrophy of tongue

24
Q

what are the two parts of the accessory nerve?

A
  1. cranial part (assist 9 and 10

2. spinal (muscles in neck)

25
Q

what is clinical testing for the accessory nerve?

A

-spinal part + innervation of shoulder muscles

26
Q

what are the 4 functional components of the vagus nerve?

A
  1. motor (pharynx + larynx)
  2. parasympathetic (thorax + abdomen)
  3. sensory (pharynx + larynx)
  4. taste (epiglottis in tongue)
27
Q

what are the result of lesions in the vagus nerve?

A

-ipsilateral paralysis of pharyngeal + laryngeal muscles

28
Q

what are signs of lesions in the vagus nerve?

A
  • hoarseness
  • difficulty swallowing
  • difficulties in articulation
29
Q

what are the 4 components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  1. motor (pharynx + larynx)
  2. parasympathetic (salivary gland)
  3. sensory (tonsil, pharynx, tongue)
  4. taste (tongue)
30
Q

what reflex is often tested for the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves? (9, 10)

A

gag reflex

31
Q

what is a sign of medial medullary syndrome?

A
  • contralateral loss of position sense

- ipsilateral paralysis of half of tongue

32
Q

what is a cause for lateral medullary syndrome?

A
  • occlusion of PICA

- occlusion of vertebral artery

33
Q

what is a sign of lateral medullary syndrome?

A
  • ipsilateral loss of pain + temp over face
  • contralateral loss of pain + temp over body
  • loss of gag reflux
34
Q

what are the 2 components of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A
  • audition (cochlear)

- vestibular

35
Q

what are the 3 central pathways from the vestibular nuclei?

A
  1. to cerebellum
  2. to spinal cord
  3. to medial longitudinal fasciculus
36
Q

what is a function of the vestibular pathway?

A

-maintain oculovestibular balance

37
Q

how is testing done for the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

auditory/hearing test

38
Q

what are the 4 functional components of the facial nerve?

A
  1. taste
  2. parasympathetic (salivary)
  3. sensory (small area behind ear)
  4. motor (facial expression)
39
Q

which CNs are involved in the taste pathway?

A
  1. facial nerve
  2. glossopharyngeal
  3. vagus
40
Q

what is the result of lesions involving the facial nerve?

A

-ipsilateral paralysis of facial muscles

41
Q

what are the two disorders associated with facial nerve lesions?

A
  1. peripheral facial nerve (bell’s palsy)

2. central facial nerve (supranuclear palsy)

42
Q

what does the abducens nerve do?

A
  • strictly motor nerve

- to one muscle in the eye

43
Q

what happens if the abducens nerve is lesioned?

A

-medial strabismus: ONly the affected eye does not abduct

44
Q

what are the 2 sensory pathways?

A
  • ML

- Spinothalamic Tract

45
Q

what is the motor pathway?

A

corticospinal tract

46
Q

what is the substantia nigra?

A

part of basal ganglia

47
Q

what is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A
  • when eye is turned medially, eye is depressed

- when eye is turned laterally, the superior oblique intorts the eye

48
Q

what is a sign of a trochlear nerve lesion?

A

double vision looking down stairs

49
Q

what are the 2 components of the oculomotor nerve?

A
  1. motor: innervates eye lid, ocular muscles except LR, SO

2. parasympathetic: preganglionic parasympahtetic innervasion

50
Q

what is oculomotor nerve palsy?

A

-squint
-eyelid retracted
-dilated pupil
(all ipsilateral)

PSYC 424 (23 decks)

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