6a. stroke Flashcards
what are 3 major blood vessels involved in strokes?
- middle cerebral artery MCA
- anterior cerebral artery ACA
- posterior cerebral artery PCA
- MCA + ACA come off carotid
- PCA comes off basilar
what are 7 risk factors for stroke?
- hypertension
- increased cholesterol
- smoking
- diabetes
- genetics
- heart disease (embolic)
- hypercoagulable (sickle cell in kids)
what are 2 types of strokes?
- occlusive stroke (Ischemic Stroke/Cerebral Infarction)
2. hemorrhagic stroke (Ruptured Aneurysm)
what is a warning sign of a transient ischemic attack?
-often before blood vessel closes off, warning signs are given
EX: grandpa may have troubles speaking for 20-30 min, then grandpa is ok
what is a warning sign of an aneurysm
- may get a warning leak
- severe headache out of the blue
what is a stroke?
- injury to brain caused by interruption of blood flow into focal area
- or around the brain
what is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
- sudden onset of a focal neurologic deficit of presumed vascular origin
- lasts less than 24h (most 15-20 min)
- ~10% strokes preceded by TIA
what is the major type of stroke?
ischemic stroke
what is an ischemic stroke?
- obstruction of blood vessels supplying the brain by a clot
- deprives brain of essential nutrients
- can cause irreversible damage
what is thrombus vs. embolus
thrombus: clot that develops in blood vessel itself
embolus: clot may arise elsewhere + lodge in blood vessels of the brain
what are 4 major subtypes of ischemic stroke?
- atherothrombotic
- cardioembolic
- small vessel disease (lacunar stroke)
- other causes
what are 4 types of hemorrhagic strokes?
- intracerebral hemorrhage
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- extradural (epidural) hemorrhage
- subdural hemorrhage
what are 4 risk factors of stroke?
- hypertension
- cigarette smoking
- diabetes
- hypercholesterolemia (overweight/no exercise)
what are 2 types of aneurysms
- fusiform
2. berry
what can be used to fix an aneurysm
a clip
