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PSYC 424 > 7b. Trauma, Tumors, Epilepsy > Flashcards

7b. Trauma, Tumors, Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

A

-caused by significant acceleration/deceleration injury
(EX: big fall, major car accident)
-stretching/tearing of structures along axes of brian

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2
Q

2 types of focal brain injuries

A
  1. contusions

2. hematomas (subdural + epidural)

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3
Q

some causes of diffuse axonal injury

A
  1. skull fracture

2. depressed fracture

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4
Q

what are 2 other types of focal axonal injuries

A
  1. coup

2. contra coup

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5
Q

what is one of the consequences of contusions?

A

orbitofrontal damage

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6
Q

what are 4 initial presentation features of a mild TBI

A
  1. initial loss of consciousness
  2. period of confusion
  3. headaches, neck ache, dizziness, nausea
  4. no focal findings
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7
Q

what are the features of a neural injury during a follow-up to a TBI

A

cognitive defecits

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8
Q

what are the features of a non neural injury during a followup to a TBI

A
  1. systemic deficits (head/neck ache, dizziness, poor sleep)

2. behavioral deficits

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9
Q

what is the typical recovery time for TBI

A

3 months

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10
Q

what is the recovery for severe TBI

A

-months, years, never

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11
Q

what is PPCS

A

post concussive syndome

-when mild TBI patients have symptoms at 1 year

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12
Q

what is the most concerning complication of brain injury?

A

-decompressive craniectomy

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13
Q

what is a seizure

A
  • abnormal discharge of neurons

- brief abnormalities of the brain

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14
Q

what is epilepsy

A

recurrent seizures of unknown etiology

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15
Q

what are some causes of seizures

A
  • genetic
  • congenital abnormalities
  • perinatal
  • infections
  • TBI
  • tummors
  • vascular
  • toxic
  • metabloic
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16
Q

what are 3 types of seizures for generalized epilepsy?

A
  1. tonic/clonic (grand mal)
  2. absence (petit mal)
    - complex partial (Temporal lob-limbic)
17
Q

what is a focal seizure

A

simple partial

18
Q

features of generalized tonic-clonic seizure

A
  • impaired consciousness
  • collapse to floor
  • tonic body extension, clonic jerking
  • loss of bowel/bladder
  • prolonged post ictal state
19
Q

features of petit mal seizures

A
  • impaired consciousness
  • chewing movments
  • no post ictal state
20
Q

what is a normal (absence seizure)

A
  • fixed stare

- 3/second eyeblinks

21
Q

features of complex partial seizures

A
  • impaired consciousness
  • dreamy state, deja vu
  • formed auditory hallucinations (music)
  • formed visual hallucinations
  • langauge disturbance
22
Q

features of simple partial (Focal) seizures

A
  • tingling
  • twitching, head turning, grimacing
  • flashes of light
  • ringing, hisses, noises
  • sweating, flushing
23
Q

what is Jacksonian March?

A

when focal spreads to other parts

24
Q

2 treatments of epilepsy

A
  1. anti epileptic meds
    - act on Na channels
    - decrease membrane excitability
  2. surgery
25
Q

what is a condition that triggers for seizures

A

mesial temporal sclerosis

26
Q

what is a treatment for mesial temporal sclerosis?

A

amygdala - hippocampetcomy

27
Q

what are 2 types of brain tumors

A
  1. primary

2. secondary

28
Q

2 types of primary brain tumors

A
  1. intraparenchymal
    - glioma
  2. extraparenchymal
    - meningioma
29
Q

2 types of secondary tumors

A
  1. intra/extraparenchymal

- metastases

30
Q

where are brain tumors in adults? kids?

A

adults: cerebral hemispheres
kids: brainstem + cerebellum

31
Q

3 symptoms of brain tumors

A
  1. depends on location
  2. slowly progressive
  3. if cortex involved, seizures are common
32
Q

where is metastasis often found?

A

watershed zones

33
Q

what are 5 sources of primary tumors?

A
  1. lung
  2. colon
  3. breast
  4. melanoma
  5. kidney
34
Q

consequences of a brain tumor

A
  • brain swelling (edema)

- build up of pressure (herniation)

PSYC 424 (23 decks)

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