12a. emotion I

Question 1

where is the system located?

Answer 1

• both sides of thalamus

- right under cerebellum

Question 2

3 functions of limbic sytem

Answer 2

1. emotion
2. motivation
3. long-term memory(long term episodic memory)

Question 3

what is the circle of Papez?

Answer 3

proposed mechanism of emotion

Question 4

what is a key error of the Papez theory?

Answer 4

sampling error (only sampled hippocampus and cerebellum)

Question 5

what did paul broca define as the limbic lobe

Answer 5

• horseshoe-shaped rim of cortex

- thought entire lobe concerned with sense of smell

Question 6

emotions definition

Answer 6

• collection of physiological changes in body + brain states
• triggered by a dedicated brain system that responds to particular entity/event
• both perceptible + non-perceptible

Question 7

feelings definition

Answer 7

-changes that are mostly perceptible to the individual in whom they were enacted

Question 8

emotion vs. feeling

Answer 8

emotion: what an outside observer can see/measure
feeling: what the individual senses/subjectively reports

Question 9

2 ways emotion can be induced

Answer 9

1. automatic way (primary induction

2. reflective/thoughtful way (secondary induction)

Question 10

3 critical neural structures for emotion

Answer 10

1. amygdala
2. orbito/ventromedial prefrontal cortex
3. insular cortex + singulate cortex

Question 11

what are primary inducers?

Answer 11

• stimuli that are innate/learned to be pleasurable or aversive
• automatic, quick + obligatory emotional response

EX: snake, losing/winning large sum of money

Question 12

what are secondary inducers?

Answer 12

• entities generated by recall of personal/hypothetical emotional event
• thoughts/memories about primary inducers
• slow, gradual emotional response

EX: memory of being bit by a snake, recalling death of loved one

Question 13

what is the trigger structure for primary inducers?

Answer 13

amygdala

Question 14

what is the trigger structure for secondary inducers?

Answer 14

-OFC/VM prefrontal cortex

orbitofrontal cortex/ventramedial prefrontal cortex

Question 15

what is the amygdala associated with

Answer 15

• Kluver Bucy in monkeys

- affects social behaviors

Question 16

what is the orbitofrontal cortex associated with

Answer 16

-akinetic mutism or abulia

Question 17

what is the insular cortex associated with

Answer 17

-anosognosia

Question 18

what is Kluvy Bucy syndrome

Answer 18

• caused by amygdala damage
  1. decreased fear response
  2. loss of social position
  3. hypersexuality

Question 19

what are human symptoms of kluver bucy?

Answer 19

• placidity
• dietary changes
• hyperorality
• inability to recognize objects, faces
• memory disorders

Question 20

2 features of patients with amygdala damage

Answer 20

1. reduced autonomic reactivity to unconditioned emotional stimuli
2. blocked development of autonomic reactivity to conditioned stimuli

Question 21

amygdala damage vs VMF damage for fear conditioning

Answer 21

VMF damage = yes fear conditioning