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X PPPVN > Oestrus Cycle - Canine and Feline > Flashcards

Oestrus Cycle - Canine and Feline Flashcards

1
Q

When does cyclical activity begin in canines?

A

6-23 months

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2
Q

What adult measurements must be reached before oestrus starts?

A

height and weight

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3
Q

How long after adult height and weight are reached does oestrus begin?

A

6 months

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4
Q

What does monoestrus mean?

A

one cycle per breeding season

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5
Q

how many cycles do dogs have per year?

A

one to two

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6
Q

How long does a canine season last?

A

around 3 weeks

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7
Q

What sort of ovulators are bitches?

A

spontaneous

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8
Q

What are the stages of canine oestrus?

A

pro-oestrus, oestrus, metoesrus (dioestrus), anoestrus

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9
Q

Are canine oestrus cycles continuous?

A

yes

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10
Q

What element of oestrus is not typical in bitches?

A

dioestrus

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11
Q

How quickly do levels of hormones in the body rise and fall?

A

slowly

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12
Q

What needs to be achieved before next stage of oestrus is triggered?

A

certain level of hormone concentration in the body

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13
Q

How many days does canine proestrus last?

A

9

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14
Q

What is the interaction between male and female during canine proestrus?

A

male is interested in female, female will not accept male for mating

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15
Q

What are the physical signs of canine proestrus?

A

vulva swollen due to oestrogen production

serosanguinous vulval discharge

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16
Q

what is serosanguinous discharge?

A

mixture of blood and serum

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17
Q

How do levels of LH and FSH change during canine proestrus?

A

LH increases, FSH decreases

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18
Q

What is LH?

A

lutinising hormone

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19
Q

What is FSH?

A

folicle stimulating hormone

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20
Q

What does LH stimulate?

A

rupture of folicle and release of egg towards fallopian tube

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21
Q

what does FSH stimulate?

A

eggs develop in ovary, folicles develop and then release oestrogen

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22
Q

What hormone peaks at the end of canine proestrus?

A

oestrogen

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23
Q

What effect does peaking of oestrogen at the end of canine proestrus have?

A

leads to the clinical signs of oestrus

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24
Q

What is the corpus lutium?

A

remainder of folicle after egg release that becomes solid and releases progesterone

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25
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

maintains pregnancy/ inhibits LH and FSH

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26
Q

How long does canine oestrus last?

A

9 days

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27
Q

During what phases of oestrus are bitches classed as ‘on heat’?

A

proestrus and oestrus

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28
Q

What is male and female interaction like during canine oestrus?

A

male and female are interested in each other

29
Q

What is the sexual behavior displayed by females during canine oestrus?

A

flagging/ winking- standing for male with tail held to the side

30
Q

How does the level of oestrogen change during canine oestrus?

A

declines

31
Q

When does LH level peak during oestrus and what does this cause?

A

mid oestrus, ovulation of ovarian folicles

32
Q

What day of canine oestrus does mating occur?

A

3-5

33
Q

What are the physical signs of canine oestrus?

A

lighter/pinky vulval discharge

enlarged/soft vulva

34
Q

What typically follows canine oestrus?

A

metoestrus or pregnancy

35
Q

How long does canine metoestrus last for?

A

60 days (around the same length as a pregnancy) as corpus luteum will persist for this length of time

36
Q

What does progesterone inhibit?

A

production of FSH and LH

37
Q

What takes over the role of progesterone during pregnancy?

A

placenta

38
Q

What is pseudopregnancy?

A

a false pregnancy, progesterone levels continue and animal thinks that it is pregnant

39
Q

How long does anoestrus last for in the bitch?

A

90-150 days

40
Q

What sexual behavior is displayed during canine anoestrus?

A

no sexual behavior, male and female have no interest in each other

41
Q

What are the physical signs of canine anoestrus?

A

normal external genitalia

42
Q

What are levels of progesterone are seen during canine anoestrus?

A

base levels of progesterone

43
Q

describe the canine oestrus cycle

A

eggs develop in the ovary during pro-oestrus stimulated by FSH from the pituitary gland. This leads to the development of the folicle which secrete oestrogen and signs of season begins to show. Oestrogen is secreted from the ovaries during oestrus which stimulates the release of LH from the pituitary gland. Ovulation occurs as LH stimulates eggs to be released. Egg moves from ovaries to fallopian tubes. The empty folicle becomes the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone that prepares the uterus for implantation. triggers metoestrus and progesterone maintains pregnancy or returns to normal levels if no pregnancy.

44
Q

When is feline first oestrus?

A

6-9 months

45
Q

What can the start of the first feline oestrus be affected by?

A

photoperiod (daylight)

46
Q

What does seasonally polyoestrus mean?

A

multiple oestrus cycles per season. Continue to cycle as long as the season lasts/if they become pregnant.

47
Q

How frequent are feline oestrus cycles?

A

every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer

48
Q

What does induced ovulation mean in cats?

A

ovulation is caused by coitus. Barbs on the tom cat’s penis cause a surge of LH that leads to ovulation

49
Q

What does the period between feline oestrus cycles depend on?

A

whether or not mating has occurred

50
Q

What are the stages of feline oestrus?

A

pro-oestrus, oestrus, dioestrus/pregnancy, interoestrus, meteroestrus/pseudopregnancy, anoestrus

51
Q

What sexual behavior do female cats exhibit during pro-oestrus?

A

female does not accept male for mating

52
Q

Is the female cat attractive to the male during pro-oestrus?

A

yes

53
Q

How long does feline pro-oestrus last?

A

2-3 days

54
Q

What hormones are released during feline pro-oestrus?

A

LH and FSH

55
Q

Is pro-oestrus easily recognised in felines?

A

not unless a male is present

56
Q

What are the physical signs of pro-oestrus in the queen?

A

blood discharge but often cleaned by the queen

57
Q

how long does oestrus last in felines?

A

average of 7 days but 2-10

58
Q

What are the behavioral changes shown during feline oestrus?

A

vocalisation (calling), lordosis of spine, female rubs along objects, presents back end

59
Q

are there external genitalia changes during feline oestrus?

A

not often

60
Q

When does interoestrus occur?

A

if ovulation does not occur

61
Q

how long does feline interoestrus last for?

A

3-14 days

62
Q

After feline interoestrus, what happens?

A

returns to pro-oestrus and then oestrus. Cycle repeats through season

63
Q

How long does pregnancy last in felines?

A

56-70 days

64
Q

What is metoestrus in felines?

A

pseudopregnancy

65
Q

How long may it take after metoestrus for the queen to enter cyclical activity?

A

45 days

66
Q

When does anoestrus occur?

A

during the winter

67
Q

What is anoestrus?

A

period of oestrus cycle when ovaries are inactive

68
Q

describe the process of a queens oestrus cycle

A

pro-oestrus causes release of FSH which leads to development of the folicle. increase in FSH leads to release of oestrogen. During oestrus if coitus takes place it leads to induced ovulation because of an increase in LH. progesterone prepares the uterus for implantation. if no pregnancy, queen enters interoestrus. cycle continues through season.

X PPPVN (27 decks)

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