Hospital and Kennel Design Flashcards
what are the 5 freedoms?
freedom from hunger and thirst freedom from discomfort freedom from pain, injury and disease freedom to express normal behaviour freedom from fear and distress
what law are the 5 freedoms part of?
Animals Welfare Act
what year was the Animal Welfare Act made law?
2007
what are the main considerations when setting up boarding kennels?
enough space for expression of normal behaviour
structures that allow proper disinfection
enrichment and prevention of boredom
company - if appropriate
what are some of the challenges of meeting the 5 freedoms in a hospital environment?
may be limitations on space that can be allowed due to injury or disease
normal behaviour is likely to be interrupted by examination/treatment
decontamination and infection control are even more crucial
need for barrier nursing
enrichment may be difficult if movement needs to be restricted - still important wherever possible
company is not usually appropriate
when may company be appropriate for hospitalised patients?
paired rabbits or guinea pigs where separation is likely to cause extreme distress
what areas is concrete an appropriate material for?
outdoor runs
what are the advantages of concrete?
cheap
what are the disadvantages of concrete?
time consuming to clean
heats up when in direct sunlight - burnt paws
cold in winter
some patients unwilling to urinate/defecate on this
what are the problems with using tiling?
challenging to clean and grouting provides ideal place for bacteria to collect as it is very difficult to disinfect
slippery - injury risk
hard and cold - lost of bedding required
what are the advantages of stainless steel kennels?
relatively cheap
manufactured to fit available space
easy to clean (apart from doors)
non-porous
what are the disadvantages of stainless steel kennels?
slippery - may need non-slip mats which are another thing to clean
reflective - unsettling for some patients
loud
what are the advantages of fibreglass kennels?
hardwearing easy to clean - including doors non-reflective easy to spot contaminants due to white colour not as noisy
why are clean edges preferable to corners?
clean edges are easy to ensure that the kennel is fully clean
what are the advantages of stainless steel doors?
better ventilation
what are the disadvantages of stainless steel doors?
harder to clean
what are the advantages of glass/plastic doors?
easier to clean
can adapt to an oxygen kennel
what are the disadvantages of glass/plastic doors?
poor ventilation/temperature control
what should be housed on the same ward?
same species - not acceptable to house predator and prey on the same ward
how many air changes an hour are needed to ensure clean air on a ward?
4-8 minimum
why is air conditioning and circulation so important?
reduces likelihood of airborne diseases
humidity control
temperature regulation
what are the 2 types of ventilation of a room?
active
passive
what is active ventilation of a room?
extractor fans and air conditioning
what is passive ventilation of a room?
widows and doors - covered with mesh screens
is active or passive ventilation of a room preferable?
active
what is the correct temperature range for the ward?
18-22 degrees
why is temperature control so important?
warmth/cooling of patients and staff for comfort
building maintenance and prevention of mould
what is used for environmental heating?
central heating/thermostat
underfloor heating
air conditioning/heating system
portable radiators
what is used for local heating?
heat lamp (exotics)
heat pads - watch for burns
fan heaters/coolers
where should local heating not be used?
immobile patients as they are likely to burn themselves
what are 6 examples of types of bedding materials?
fleece bedding (Vetbed) blankets/towels covered foam wedges newspaper incontinence pads bean bags
what are the 3 main patient considerations for kennel design?
temperament of animal
disease process or injury
link to the care plan
what are the main considerations of disease process or injury when looking at kennel design?
mobility
degree of assistance needed
stability
temperature regulation (BOAS)
what are the main considerations of the care plan when looking at kennel design?
what can the animal do
what can’t they do
what do they like and dislike?
what are the main considerations of patient temperament when looking at kennel design?
safety first
hands free approach where possible
lead on at all times and out under the door to enure control of dog before kennel is opened
fearful animals at floor level
buster collars to reduce bite risk
blankets or towels to remove fearful patients from kennel
never leave patients muzzled in a kennel
what are the main considerations of mobility when looking at kennel design?
acute or chronic issue ambulatory or non-ambulatory restriction of mobility may be necessary - small kennel or pharmacutical soft beds/padding ramps from kennel non -slip mats
what are the main considerations of pain when looking at kennel design?
location of pain
orthopaedic pain
abdominal/pelvic/thoracic pain - lifting should be reduced, consider sliding on sheet
what are the main considerations of critical patients when looking at kennel design?
constant monitoring
rapid access to crash trolley
ventilator or anaesthetic machine
what are the main considerations of recumbancy management when looking at kennel design?
thick bedding
incontinence sheets to reduce laundry
vet bed on top to wick away urine and prevent urine scalds
high risk for decubitus ulcers (pressure sores)
enough space around/in kennel for multiple staff members to lift patient (esp. if over 15kg)
what are the main considerations of infectious cases when looking at kennel design?
barrier nursing
housed in dedicated isolation ward
consider possible restrictions of monitoring placed by isolation ward
if no isolation ward - cordon off kennel and use seperate bin equipment etc
never house infectious patient above a well one
limit access to patient
